| 1 | // Copyright 2017 The Abseil Authors. | 
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| 2 | // | 
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| 3 | // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); | 
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| 4 | // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. | 
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| 5 | // You may obtain a copy of the License at | 
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| 6 | // | 
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| 7 | //      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | 
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| 8 | // | 
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| 9 | // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | 
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| 10 | // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | 
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| 11 | // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | 
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| 12 | // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | 
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| 13 | // limitations under the License. | 
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| 14 |  | 
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| 15 | // A low-level allocator that can be used by other low-level | 
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| 16 | // modules without introducing dependency cycles. | 
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| 17 | // This allocator is slow and wasteful of memory; | 
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| 18 | // it should not be used when performance is key. | 
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| 19 |  | 
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| 20 | #include "absl/base/internal/low_level_alloc.h" | 
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| 21 |  | 
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| 22 | #include <type_traits> | 
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| 23 |  | 
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| 24 | #include "absl/base/call_once.h" | 
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| 25 | #include "absl/base/config.h" | 
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| 26 | #include "absl/base/internal/direct_mmap.h" | 
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| 27 | #include "absl/base/internal/scheduling_mode.h" | 
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| 28 | #include "absl/base/macros.h" | 
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| 29 | #include "absl/base/thread_annotations.h" | 
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| 30 |  | 
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| 31 | // LowLevelAlloc requires that the platform support low-level | 
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| 32 | // allocation of virtual memory. Platforms lacking this cannot use | 
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| 33 | // LowLevelAlloc. | 
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| 34 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_MISSING | 
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| 35 |  | 
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| 36 | #ifndef _WIN32 | 
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| 37 | #include <pthread.h> | 
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| 38 | #include <signal.h> | 
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| 39 | #include <sys/mman.h> | 
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| 40 | #include <unistd.h> | 
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| 41 | #else | 
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| 42 | #include <windows.h> | 
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| 43 | #endif | 
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| 44 |  | 
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| 45 | #include <string.h> | 
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| 46 | #include <algorithm> | 
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| 47 | #include <atomic> | 
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| 48 | #include <cerrno> | 
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| 49 | #include <cstddef> | 
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| 50 | #include <new>                   // for placement-new | 
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| 51 |  | 
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| 52 | #include "absl/base/dynamic_annotations.h" | 
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| 53 | #include "absl/base/internal/raw_logging.h" | 
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| 54 | #include "absl/base/internal/spinlock.h" | 
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| 55 |  | 
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| 56 | // MAP_ANONYMOUS | 
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| 57 | #if defined(__APPLE__) | 
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| 58 | // For mmap, Linux defines both MAP_ANONYMOUS and MAP_ANON and says MAP_ANON is | 
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| 59 | // deprecated. In Darwin, MAP_ANON is all there is. | 
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| 60 | #if !defined MAP_ANONYMOUS | 
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| 61 | #define MAP_ANONYMOUS MAP_ANON | 
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| 62 | #endif  // !MAP_ANONYMOUS | 
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| 63 | #endif  // __APPLE__ | 
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| 64 |  | 
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| 65 | namespace absl { | 
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| 66 | namespace base_internal { | 
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| 67 |  | 
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| 68 | // A first-fit allocator with amortized logarithmic free() time. | 
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| 69 |  | 
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| 70 | // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 
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| 71 | static const int kMaxLevel = 30; | 
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| 72 |  | 
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| 73 | namespace { | 
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| 74 | // This struct describes one allocated block, or one free block. | 
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| 75 | struct AllocList { | 
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| 76 | struct  { | 
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| 77 | // Size of entire region, including this field. Must be | 
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| 78 | // first. Valid in both allocated and unallocated blocks. | 
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| 79 | uintptr_t ; | 
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| 80 |  | 
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| 81 | // kMagicAllocated or kMagicUnallocated xor this. | 
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| 82 | uintptr_t ; | 
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| 83 |  | 
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| 84 | // Pointer to parent arena. | 
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| 85 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena *; | 
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| 86 |  | 
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| 87 | // Aligns regions to 0 mod 2*sizeof(void*). | 
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| 88 | void *; | 
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| 89 | } ; | 
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| 90 |  | 
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| 91 | // Next two fields: in unallocated blocks: freelist skiplist data | 
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| 92 | //                  in allocated blocks: overlaps with client data | 
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| 93 |  | 
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| 94 | // Levels in skiplist used. | 
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| 95 | int levels; | 
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| 96 |  | 
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| 97 | // Actually has levels elements. The AllocList node may not have room | 
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| 98 | // for all kMaxLevel entries. See max_fit in LLA_SkiplistLevels(). | 
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| 99 | AllocList *next[kMaxLevel]; | 
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| 100 | }; | 
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| 101 | }  // namespace | 
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| 102 |  | 
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| 103 | // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 
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| 104 | // A trivial skiplist implementation.  This is used to keep the freelist | 
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| 105 | // in address order while taking only logarithmic time per insert and delete. | 
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| 106 |  | 
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| 107 | // An integer approximation of log2(size/base) | 
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| 108 | // Requires size >= base. | 
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| 109 | static int IntLog2(size_t size, size_t base) { | 
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| 110 | int result = 0; | 
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| 111 | for (size_t i = size; i > base; i >>= 1) {  // i == floor(size/2**result) | 
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| 112 | result++; | 
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| 113 | } | 
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| 114 | //    floor(size / 2**result) <= base < floor(size / 2**(result-1)) | 
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| 115 | // =>     log2(size/(base+1)) <= result < 1+log2(size/base) | 
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| 116 | // => result ~= log2(size/base) | 
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| 117 | return result; | 
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| 118 | } | 
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| 119 |  | 
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| 120 | // Return a random integer n:  p(n)=1/(2**n) if 1 <= n; p(n)=0 if n < 1. | 
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| 121 | static int Random(uint32_t *state) { | 
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| 122 | uint32_t r = *state; | 
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| 123 | int result = 1; | 
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| 124 | while ((((r = r*1103515245 + 12345) >> 30) & 1) == 0) { | 
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| 125 | result++; | 
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| 126 | } | 
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| 127 | *state = r; | 
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| 128 | return result; | 
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| 129 | } | 
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| 130 |  | 
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| 131 | // Return a number of skiplist levels for a node of size bytes, where | 
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| 132 | // base is the minimum node size.  Compute level=log2(size / base)+n | 
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| 133 | // where n is 1 if random is false and otherwise a random number generated with | 
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| 134 | // the standard distribution for a skiplist:  See Random() above. | 
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| 135 | // Bigger nodes tend to have more skiplist levels due to the log2(size / base) | 
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| 136 | // term, so first-fit searches touch fewer nodes.  "level" is clipped so | 
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| 137 | // level<kMaxLevel and next[level-1] will fit in the node. | 
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| 138 | // 0 < LLA_SkiplistLevels(x,y,false) <= LLA_SkiplistLevels(x,y,true) < kMaxLevel | 
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| 139 | static int LLA_SkiplistLevels(size_t size, size_t base, uint32_t *random) { | 
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| 140 | // max_fit is the maximum number of levels that will fit in a node for the | 
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| 141 | // given size.   We can't return more than max_fit, no matter what the | 
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| 142 | // random number generator says. | 
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| 143 | size_t max_fit = (size - offsetof(AllocList, next)) / sizeof(AllocList *); | 
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| 144 | int level = IntLog2(size, base) + (random != nullptr ? Random(random) : 1); | 
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| 145 | if (static_cast<size_t>(level) > max_fit) level = static_cast<int>(max_fit); | 
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| 146 | if (level > kMaxLevel-1) level = kMaxLevel - 1; | 
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| 147 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(level >= 1, "block not big enough for even one level"); | 
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| 148 | return level; | 
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| 149 | } | 
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| 150 |  | 
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| 151 | // Return "atleast", the first element of AllocList *head s.t. *atleast >= *e. | 
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| 152 | // For 0 <= i < head->levels, set prev[i] to "no_greater", where no_greater | 
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| 153 | // points to the last element at level i in the AllocList less than *e, or is | 
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| 154 | // head if no such element exists. | 
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| 155 | static AllocList *LLA_SkiplistSearch(AllocList *head, | 
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| 156 | AllocList *e, AllocList **prev) { | 
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| 157 | AllocList *p = head; | 
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| 158 | for (int level = head->levels - 1; level >= 0; level--) { | 
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| 159 | for (AllocList *n; (n = p->next[level]) != nullptr && n < e; p = n) { | 
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| 160 | } | 
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| 161 | prev[level] = p; | 
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| 162 | } | 
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| 163 | return (head->levels == 0) ? nullptr : prev[0]->next[0]; | 
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| 164 | } | 
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| 165 |  | 
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| 166 | // Insert element *e into AllocList *head.  Set prev[] as LLA_SkiplistSearch. | 
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| 167 | // Requires that e->levels be previously set by the caller (using | 
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| 168 | // LLA_SkiplistLevels()) | 
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| 169 | static void LLA_SkiplistInsert(AllocList *head, AllocList *e, | 
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| 170 | AllocList **prev) { | 
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| 171 | LLA_SkiplistSearch(head, e, prev); | 
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| 172 | for (; head->levels < e->levels; head->levels++) {  // extend prev pointers | 
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| 173 | prev[head->levels] = head;                        // to all *e's levels | 
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| 174 | } | 
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| 175 | for (int i = 0; i != e->levels; i++) {  // add element to list | 
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| 176 | e->next[i] = prev[i]->next[i]; | 
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| 177 | prev[i]->next[i] = e; | 
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| 178 | } | 
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| 179 | } | 
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| 180 |  | 
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| 181 | // Remove element *e from AllocList *head.  Set prev[] as LLA_SkiplistSearch(). | 
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| 182 | // Requires that e->levels be previous set by the caller (using | 
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| 183 | // LLA_SkiplistLevels()) | 
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| 184 | static void LLA_SkiplistDelete(AllocList *head, AllocList *e, | 
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| 185 | AllocList **prev) { | 
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| 186 | AllocList *found = LLA_SkiplistSearch(head, e, prev); | 
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| 187 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(e == found, "element not in freelist"); | 
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| 188 | for (int i = 0; i != e->levels && prev[i]->next[i] == e; i++) { | 
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| 189 | prev[i]->next[i] = e->next[i]; | 
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| 190 | } | 
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| 191 | while (head->levels > 0 && head->next[head->levels - 1] == nullptr) { | 
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| 192 | head->levels--;   // reduce head->levels if level unused | 
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| 193 | } | 
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| 194 | } | 
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| 195 |  | 
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| 196 | // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 
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| 197 | // Arena implementation | 
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| 198 |  | 
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| 199 | // Metadata for an LowLevelAlloc arena instance. | 
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| 200 | struct LowLevelAlloc::Arena { | 
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| 201 | // Constructs an arena with the given LowLevelAlloc flags. | 
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| 202 | explicit Arena(uint32_t flags_value); | 
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| 203 |  | 
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| 204 | base_internal::SpinLock mu; | 
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| 205 | // Head of free list, sorted by address | 
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| 206 | AllocList freelist GUARDED_BY(mu); | 
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| 207 | // Count of allocated blocks | 
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| 208 | int32_t allocation_count GUARDED_BY(mu); | 
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| 209 | // flags passed to NewArena | 
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| 210 | const uint32_t flags; | 
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| 211 | // Result of sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) | 
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| 212 | const size_t pagesize; | 
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| 213 | // Lowest power of two >= max(16, sizeof(AllocList)) | 
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| 214 | const size_t roundup; | 
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| 215 | // Smallest allocation block size | 
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| 216 | const size_t min_size; | 
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| 217 | // PRNG state | 
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| 218 | uint32_t random GUARDED_BY(mu); | 
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| 219 | }; | 
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| 220 |  | 
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| 221 | namespace { | 
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| 222 | using ArenaStorage = std::aligned_storage<sizeof(LowLevelAlloc::Arena), | 
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| 223 | alignof(LowLevelAlloc::Arena)>::type; | 
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| 224 |  | 
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| 225 | // Static storage space for the lazily-constructed, default global arena | 
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| 226 | // instances.  We require this space because the whole point of LowLevelAlloc | 
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| 227 | // is to avoid relying on malloc/new. | 
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| 228 | ArenaStorage default_arena_storage; | 
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| 229 | ArenaStorage unhooked_arena_storage; | 
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| 230 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 231 | ArenaStorage unhooked_async_sig_safe_arena_storage; | 
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| 232 | #endif | 
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| 233 |  | 
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| 234 | // We must use LowLevelCallOnce here to construct the global arenas, rather than | 
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| 235 | // using function-level statics, to avoid recursively invoking the scheduler. | 
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| 236 | absl::once_flag create_globals_once; | 
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| 237 |  | 
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| 238 | void CreateGlobalArenas() { | 
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| 239 | new (&default_arena_storage) | 
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| 240 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena(LowLevelAlloc::kCallMallocHook); | 
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| 241 | new (&unhooked_arena_storage) LowLevelAlloc::Arena(0); | 
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| 242 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 243 | new (&unhooked_async_sig_safe_arena_storage) | 
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| 244 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena(LowLevelAlloc::kAsyncSignalSafe); | 
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| 245 | #endif | 
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| 246 | } | 
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| 247 |  | 
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| 248 | // Returns a global arena that does not call into hooks.  Used by NewArena() | 
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| 249 | // when kCallMallocHook is not set. | 
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| 250 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena* UnhookedArena() { | 
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| 251 | base_internal::LowLevelCallOnce(&create_globals_once, CreateGlobalArenas); | 
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| 252 | return reinterpret_cast<LowLevelAlloc::Arena*>(&unhooked_arena_storage); | 
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| 253 | } | 
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| 254 |  | 
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| 255 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 256 | // Returns a global arena that is async-signal safe.  Used by NewArena() when | 
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| 257 | // kAsyncSignalSafe is set. | 
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| 258 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena *UnhookedAsyncSigSafeArena() { | 
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| 259 | base_internal::LowLevelCallOnce(&create_globals_once, CreateGlobalArenas); | 
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| 260 | return reinterpret_cast<LowLevelAlloc::Arena *>( | 
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| 261 | &unhooked_async_sig_safe_arena_storage); | 
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| 262 | } | 
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| 263 | #endif | 
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| 264 |  | 
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| 265 | }  // namespace | 
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| 266 |  | 
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| 267 | // Returns the default arena, as used by LowLevelAlloc::Alloc() and friends. | 
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| 268 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena *LowLevelAlloc::DefaultArena() { | 
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| 269 | base_internal::LowLevelCallOnce(&create_globals_once, CreateGlobalArenas); | 
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| 270 | return reinterpret_cast<LowLevelAlloc::Arena*>(&default_arena_storage); | 
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| 271 | } | 
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| 272 |  | 
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| 273 | // magic numbers to identify allocated and unallocated blocks | 
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| 274 | static const uintptr_t kMagicAllocated = 0x4c833e95U; | 
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| 275 | static const uintptr_t kMagicUnallocated = ~kMagicAllocated; | 
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| 276 |  | 
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| 277 | namespace { | 
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| 278 | class SCOPED_LOCKABLE ArenaLock { | 
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| 279 | public: | 
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| 280 | explicit ArenaLock(LowLevelAlloc::Arena *arena) | 
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| 281 | EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_FUNCTION(arena->mu) | 
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| 282 | : arena_(arena) { | 
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| 283 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 284 | if ((arena->flags & LowLevelAlloc::kAsyncSignalSafe) != 0) { | 
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| 285 | sigset_t all; | 
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| 286 | sigfillset(&all); | 
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| 287 | mask_valid_ = pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &all, &mask_) == 0; | 
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| 288 | } | 
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| 289 | #endif | 
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| 290 | arena_->mu.Lock(); | 
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| 291 | } | 
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| 292 | ~ArenaLock() { ABSL_RAW_CHECK(left_, "haven't left Arena region"); } | 
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| 293 | void Leave() UNLOCK_FUNCTION() { | 
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| 294 | arena_->mu.Unlock(); | 
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| 295 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 296 | if (mask_valid_) { | 
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| 297 | const int err = pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask_, nullptr); | 
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| 298 | if (err != 0) { | 
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| 299 | ABSL_RAW_LOG(FATAL, "pthread_sigmask failed: %d", err); | 
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| 300 | } | 
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| 301 | } | 
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| 302 | #endif | 
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| 303 | left_ = true; | 
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| 304 | } | 
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| 305 |  | 
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| 306 | private: | 
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| 307 | bool left_ = false;  // whether left region | 
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| 308 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 309 | bool mask_valid_ = false; | 
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| 310 | sigset_t mask_;  // old mask of blocked signals | 
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| 311 | #endif | 
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| 312 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena *arena_; | 
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| 313 | ArenaLock(const ArenaLock &) = delete; | 
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| 314 | ArenaLock &operator=(const ArenaLock &) = delete; | 
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| 315 | }; | 
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| 316 | }  // namespace | 
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| 317 |  | 
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| 318 | // create an appropriate magic number for an object at "ptr" | 
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| 319 | // "magic" should be kMagicAllocated or kMagicUnallocated | 
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| 320 | inline static uintptr_t (uintptr_t magic, AllocList::Header *ptr) { | 
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| 321 | return magic ^ reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr); | 
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| 322 | } | 
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| 323 |  | 
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| 324 | namespace { | 
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| 325 | size_t GetPageSize() { | 
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| 326 | #ifdef _WIN32 | 
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| 327 | SYSTEM_INFO system_info; | 
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| 328 | GetSystemInfo(&system_info); | 
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| 329 | return std::max(system_info.dwPageSize, system_info.dwAllocationGranularity); | 
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| 330 | #elif defined(__wasm__) || defined(__asmjs__) | 
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| 331 | return getpagesize(); | 
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| 332 | #else | 
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| 333 | return sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE); | 
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| 334 | #endif | 
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| 335 | } | 
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| 336 |  | 
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| 337 | size_t RoundedUpBlockSize() { | 
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| 338 | // Round up block sizes to a power of two close to the header size. | 
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| 339 | size_t roundup = 16; | 
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| 340 | while (roundup < sizeof(AllocList::Header)) { | 
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| 341 | roundup += roundup; | 
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| 342 | } | 
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| 343 | return roundup; | 
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| 344 | } | 
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| 345 |  | 
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| 346 | }  // namespace | 
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| 347 |  | 
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| 348 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena::Arena(uint32_t flags_value) | 
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| 349 | : mu(base_internal::SCHEDULE_KERNEL_ONLY), | 
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| 350 | allocation_count(0), | 
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| 351 | flags(flags_value), | 
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| 352 | pagesize(GetPageSize()), | 
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| 353 | roundup(RoundedUpBlockSize()), | 
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| 354 | min_size(2 * roundup), | 
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| 355 | random(0) { | 
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| 356 | freelist.header.size = 0; | 
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| 357 | freelist.header.magic = | 
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| 358 | Magic(kMagicUnallocated, &freelist.header); | 
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| 359 | freelist.header.arena = this; | 
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| 360 | freelist.levels = 0; | 
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| 361 | memset(freelist.next, 0, sizeof(freelist.next)); | 
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| 362 | } | 
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| 363 |  | 
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| 364 | // L < meta_data_arena->mu | 
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| 365 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena *LowLevelAlloc::NewArena(int32_t flags) { | 
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| 366 | Arena *meta_data_arena = DefaultArena(); | 
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| 367 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 368 | if ((flags & LowLevelAlloc::kAsyncSignalSafe) != 0) { | 
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| 369 | meta_data_arena = UnhookedAsyncSigSafeArena(); | 
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| 370 | } else  // NOLINT(readability/braces) | 
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| 371 | #endif | 
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| 372 | if ((flags & LowLevelAlloc::kCallMallocHook) == 0) { | 
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| 373 | meta_data_arena = UnhookedArena(); | 
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| 374 | } | 
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| 375 | Arena *result = | 
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| 376 | new (AllocWithArena(sizeof (*result), meta_data_arena)) Arena(flags); | 
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| 377 | return result; | 
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| 378 | } | 
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| 379 |  | 
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| 380 | // L < arena->mu, L < arena->arena->mu | 
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| 381 | bool LowLevelAlloc::DeleteArena(Arena *arena) { | 
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| 382 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK( | 
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| 383 | arena != nullptr && arena != DefaultArena() && arena != UnhookedArena(), | 
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| 384 | "may not delete default arena"); | 
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| 385 | ArenaLock section(arena); | 
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| 386 | if (arena->allocation_count != 0) { | 
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| 387 | section.Leave(); | 
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| 388 | return false; | 
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| 389 | } | 
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| 390 | while (arena->freelist.next[0] != nullptr) { | 
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| 391 | AllocList *region = arena->freelist.next[0]; | 
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| 392 | size_t size = region->header.size; | 
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| 393 | arena->freelist.next[0] = region->next[0]; | 
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| 394 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK( | 
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| 395 | region->header.magic == Magic(kMagicUnallocated, ®ion->header), | 
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| 396 | "bad magic number in DeleteArena()"); | 
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| 397 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(region->header.arena == arena, | 
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| 398 | "bad arena pointer in DeleteArena()"); | 
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| 399 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(size % arena->pagesize == 0, | 
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| 400 | "empty arena has non-page-aligned block size"); | 
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| 401 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(region) % arena->pagesize == 0, | 
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| 402 | "empty arena has non-page-aligned block"); | 
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| 403 | int munmap_result; | 
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| 404 | #ifdef _WIN32 | 
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| 405 | munmap_result = VirtualFree(region, 0, MEM_RELEASE); | 
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| 406 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(munmap_result != 0, | 
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| 407 | "LowLevelAlloc::DeleteArena: VitualFree failed"); | 
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| 408 | #else | 
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| 409 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 410 | if ((arena->flags & LowLevelAlloc::kAsyncSignalSafe) == 0) { | 
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| 411 | munmap_result = munmap(region, size); | 
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| 412 | } else { | 
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| 413 | munmap_result = base_internal::DirectMunmap(region, size); | 
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| 414 | } | 
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| 415 | #else | 
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| 416 | munmap_result = munmap(region, size); | 
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| 417 | #endif  // ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 418 | if (munmap_result != 0) { | 
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| 419 | ABSL_RAW_LOG(FATAL, "LowLevelAlloc::DeleteArena: munmap failed: %d", | 
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| 420 | errno); | 
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| 421 | } | 
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| 422 | #endif  // _WIN32 | 
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| 423 | } | 
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| 424 | section.Leave(); | 
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| 425 | arena->~Arena(); | 
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| 426 | Free(arena); | 
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| 427 | return true; | 
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| 428 | } | 
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| 429 |  | 
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| 430 | // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 
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| 431 |  | 
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| 432 | // Addition, checking for overflow.  The intent is to die if an external client | 
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| 433 | // manages to push through a request that would cause arithmetic to fail. | 
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| 434 | static inline uintptr_t CheckedAdd(uintptr_t a, uintptr_t b) { | 
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| 435 | uintptr_t sum = a + b; | 
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| 436 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(sum >= a, "LowLevelAlloc arithmetic overflow"); | 
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| 437 | return sum; | 
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| 438 | } | 
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| 439 |  | 
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| 440 | // Return value rounded up to next multiple of align. | 
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| 441 | // align must be a power of two. | 
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| 442 | static inline uintptr_t RoundUp(uintptr_t addr, uintptr_t align) { | 
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| 443 | return CheckedAdd(addr, align - 1) & ~(align - 1); | 
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| 444 | } | 
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| 445 |  | 
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| 446 | // Equivalent to "return prev->next[i]" but with sanity checking | 
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| 447 | // that the freelist is in the correct order, that it | 
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| 448 | // consists of regions marked "unallocated", and that no two regions | 
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| 449 | // are adjacent in memory (they should have been coalesced). | 
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| 450 | // L < arena->mu | 
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| 451 | static AllocList *Next(int i, AllocList *prev, LowLevelAlloc::Arena *arena) { | 
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| 452 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(i < prev->levels, "too few levels in Next()"); | 
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| 453 | AllocList *next = prev->next[i]; | 
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| 454 | if (next != nullptr) { | 
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| 455 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK( | 
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| 456 | next->header.magic == Magic(kMagicUnallocated, &next->header), | 
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| 457 | "bad magic number in Next()"); | 
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| 458 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(next->header.arena == arena, "bad arena pointer in Next()"); | 
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| 459 | if (prev != &arena->freelist) { | 
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| 460 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(prev < next, "unordered freelist"); | 
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| 461 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(reinterpret_cast<char *>(prev) + prev->header.size < | 
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| 462 | reinterpret_cast<char *>(next), | 
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| 463 | "malformed freelist"); | 
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| 464 | } | 
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| 465 | } | 
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| 466 | return next; | 
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| 467 | } | 
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| 468 |  | 
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| 469 | // Coalesce list item "a" with its successor if they are adjacent. | 
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| 470 | static void Coalesce(AllocList *a) { | 
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| 471 | AllocList *n = a->next[0]; | 
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| 472 | if (n != nullptr && reinterpret_cast<char *>(a) + a->header.size == | 
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| 473 | reinterpret_cast<char *>(n)) { | 
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| 474 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena *arena = a->header.arena; | 
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| 475 | a->header.size += n->header.size; | 
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| 476 | n->header.magic = 0; | 
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| 477 | n->header.arena = nullptr; | 
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| 478 | AllocList *prev[kMaxLevel]; | 
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| 479 | LLA_SkiplistDelete(&arena->freelist, n, prev); | 
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| 480 | LLA_SkiplistDelete(&arena->freelist, a, prev); | 
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| 481 | a->levels = LLA_SkiplistLevels(a->header.size, arena->min_size, | 
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| 482 | &arena->random); | 
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| 483 | LLA_SkiplistInsert(&arena->freelist, a, prev); | 
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| 484 | } | 
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| 485 | } | 
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| 486 |  | 
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| 487 | // Adds block at location "v" to the free list | 
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| 488 | // L >= arena->mu | 
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| 489 | static void AddToFreelist(void *v, LowLevelAlloc::Arena *arena) { | 
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| 490 | AllocList *f = reinterpret_cast<AllocList *>( | 
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| 491 | reinterpret_cast<char *>(v) - sizeof (f->header)); | 
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| 492 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(f->header.magic == Magic(kMagicAllocated, &f->header), | 
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| 493 | "bad magic number in AddToFreelist()"); | 
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| 494 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(f->header.arena == arena, | 
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| 495 | "bad arena pointer in AddToFreelist()"); | 
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| 496 | f->levels = LLA_SkiplistLevels(f->header.size, arena->min_size, | 
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| 497 | &arena->random); | 
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| 498 | AllocList *prev[kMaxLevel]; | 
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| 499 | LLA_SkiplistInsert(&arena->freelist, f, prev); | 
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| 500 | f->header.magic = Magic(kMagicUnallocated, &f->header); | 
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| 501 | Coalesce(f);                  // maybe coalesce with successor | 
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| 502 | Coalesce(prev[0]);            // maybe coalesce with predecessor | 
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| 503 | } | 
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| 504 |  | 
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| 505 | // Frees storage allocated by LowLevelAlloc::Alloc(). | 
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| 506 | // L < arena->mu | 
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| 507 | void LowLevelAlloc::Free(void *v) { | 
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| 508 | if (v != nullptr) { | 
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| 509 | AllocList *f = reinterpret_cast<AllocList *>( | 
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| 510 | reinterpret_cast<char *>(v) - sizeof (f->header)); | 
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| 511 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(f->header.magic == Magic(kMagicAllocated, &f->header), | 
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| 512 | "bad magic number in Free()"); | 
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| 513 | LowLevelAlloc::Arena *arena = f->header.arena; | 
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| 514 | ArenaLock section(arena); | 
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| 515 | AddToFreelist(v, arena); | 
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| 516 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(arena->allocation_count > 0, "nothing in arena to free"); | 
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| 517 | arena->allocation_count--; | 
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| 518 | section.Leave(); | 
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| 519 | } | 
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| 520 | } | 
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| 521 |  | 
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| 522 | // allocates and returns a block of size bytes, to be freed with Free() | 
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| 523 | // L < arena->mu | 
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| 524 | static void *DoAllocWithArena(size_t request, LowLevelAlloc::Arena *arena) { | 
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| 525 | void *result = nullptr; | 
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| 526 | if (request != 0) { | 
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| 527 | AllocList *s;       // will point to region that satisfies request | 
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| 528 | ArenaLock section(arena); | 
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| 529 | // round up with header | 
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| 530 | size_t req_rnd = RoundUp(CheckedAdd(request, sizeof (s->header)), | 
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| 531 | arena->roundup); | 
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| 532 | for (;;) {      // loop until we find a suitable region | 
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| 533 | // find the minimum levels that a block of this size must have | 
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| 534 | int i = LLA_SkiplistLevels(req_rnd, arena->min_size, nullptr) - 1; | 
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| 535 | if (i < arena->freelist.levels) {   // potential blocks exist | 
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| 536 | AllocList *before = &arena->freelist;  // predecessor of s | 
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| 537 | while ((s = Next(i, before, arena)) != nullptr && | 
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| 538 | s->header.size < req_rnd) { | 
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| 539 | before = s; | 
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| 540 | } | 
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| 541 | if (s != nullptr) {       // we found a region | 
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| 542 | break; | 
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| 543 | } | 
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| 544 | } | 
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| 545 | // we unlock before mmap() both because mmap() may call a callback hook, | 
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| 546 | // and because it may be slow. | 
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| 547 | arena->mu.Unlock(); | 
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| 548 | // mmap generous 64K chunks to decrease | 
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| 549 | // the chances/impact of fragmentation: | 
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| 550 | size_t new_pages_size = RoundUp(req_rnd, arena->pagesize * 16); | 
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| 551 | void *new_pages; | 
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| 552 | #ifdef _WIN32 | 
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| 553 | new_pages = VirtualAlloc(0, new_pages_size, | 
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| 554 | MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE); | 
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| 555 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(new_pages != nullptr, "VirtualAlloc failed"); | 
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| 556 | #else | 
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| 557 | #ifndef ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 558 | if ((arena->flags & LowLevelAlloc::kAsyncSignalSafe) != 0) { | 
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| 559 | new_pages = base_internal::DirectMmap(nullptr, new_pages_size, | 
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| 560 | PROT_WRITE|PROT_READ, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0); | 
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| 561 | } else { | 
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| 562 | new_pages = mmap(nullptr, new_pages_size, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ, | 
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| 563 | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0); | 
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| 564 | } | 
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| 565 | #else | 
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| 566 | new_pages = mmap(nullptr, new_pages_size, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ, | 
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| 567 | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0); | 
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| 568 | #endif  // ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_ASYNC_SIGNAL_SAFE_MISSING | 
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| 569 | if (new_pages == MAP_FAILED) { | 
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| 570 | ABSL_RAW_LOG(FATAL, "mmap error: %d", errno); | 
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| 571 | } | 
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| 572 |  | 
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| 573 | #endif  // _WIN32 | 
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| 574 | arena->mu.Lock(); | 
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| 575 | s = reinterpret_cast<AllocList *>(new_pages); | 
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| 576 | s->header.size = new_pages_size; | 
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| 577 | // Pretend the block is allocated; call AddToFreelist() to free it. | 
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| 578 | s->header.magic = Magic(kMagicAllocated, &s->header); | 
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| 579 | s->header.arena = arena; | 
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| 580 | AddToFreelist(&s->levels, arena);  // insert new region into free list | 
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| 581 | } | 
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| 582 | AllocList *prev[kMaxLevel]; | 
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| 583 | LLA_SkiplistDelete(&arena->freelist, s, prev);    // remove from free list | 
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| 584 | // s points to the first free region that's big enough | 
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| 585 | if (CheckedAdd(req_rnd, arena->min_size) <= s->header.size) { | 
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| 586 | // big enough to split | 
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| 587 | AllocList *n = reinterpret_cast<AllocList *> | 
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| 588 | (req_rnd + reinterpret_cast<char *>(s)); | 
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| 589 | n->header.size = s->header.size - req_rnd; | 
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| 590 | n->header.magic = Magic(kMagicAllocated, &n->header); | 
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| 591 | n->header.arena = arena; | 
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| 592 | s->header.size = req_rnd; | 
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| 593 | AddToFreelist(&n->levels, arena); | 
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| 594 | } | 
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| 595 | s->header.magic = Magic(kMagicAllocated, &s->header); | 
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| 596 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(s->header.arena == arena, ""); | 
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| 597 | arena->allocation_count++; | 
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| 598 | section.Leave(); | 
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| 599 | result = &s->levels; | 
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| 600 | } | 
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| 601 | ANNOTATE_MEMORY_IS_UNINITIALIZED(result, request); | 
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| 602 | return result; | 
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| 603 | } | 
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| 604 |  | 
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| 605 | void *LowLevelAlloc::Alloc(size_t request) { | 
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| 606 | void *result = DoAllocWithArena(request, DefaultArena()); | 
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| 607 | return result; | 
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| 608 | } | 
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| 609 |  | 
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| 610 | void *LowLevelAlloc::AllocWithArena(size_t request, Arena *arena) { | 
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| 611 | ABSL_RAW_CHECK(arena != nullptr, "must pass a valid arena"); | 
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| 612 | void *result = DoAllocWithArena(request, arena); | 
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| 613 | return result; | 
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| 614 | } | 
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| 615 |  | 
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| 616 | }  // namespace base_internal | 
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| 617 | }  // namespace absl | 
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| 618 |  | 
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| 619 | #endif  // ABSL_LOW_LEVEL_ALLOC_MISSING | 
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| 620 |  | 
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