gmock-matchers.h source code [engine/third_party/googletest/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h]

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29
30
31	// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
32	//
33	// This file implements some commonly used argument matchers. More
34	// matchers can be defined by the user implementing the
35	// MatcherInterface<T> interface if necessary.
36	//
37	// See googletest/include/gtest/gtest-matchers.h for the definition of class
38	// Matcher, class MatcherInterface, and others.
39
40	// GOOGLETEST_CM0002 DO NOT DELETE
41
42	#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
43	#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
44
45	#include <math.h>
46	#include <algorithm>
47	#include <initializer_list>
48	#include <iterator>
49	#include <limits>
50	#include <memory>
51	#include <ostream> // NOLINT
52	#include <sstream>
53	#include <string>
54	#include <type_traits>
55	#include <utility>
56	#include <vector>
57	#include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
58	#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
59	#include "gtest/gtest.h"
60
61	// MSVC warning C5046 is new as of VS2017 version 15.8.
62	#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1915
63	#define GMOCK_MAYBE_5046_ 5046
64	#else
65	#define GMOCK_MAYBE_5046_
66	#endif
67
68	GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(
69	`4251` GMOCK_MAYBE_5046_ / class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by*
70	clients of class B /*
71	/ Symbol involving type with internal linkage not defined /)
72
73	namespace testing {
74
75	// To implement a matcher Foo for type T, define:
76	// 1. a class FooMatcherImpl that implements the
77	// MatcherInterface<T> interface, and
78	// 2. a factory function that creates a Matcher<T> object from a
79	// FooMatcherImpl.*
80	//
81	// The two-level delegation design makes it possible to allow a user
82	// to write "v" instead of "Eq(v)" where a Matcher is expected, which
83	// is impossible if we pass matchers by pointers. It also eases
84	// ownership management as Matcher objects can now be copied like
85	// plain values.
86
87	// A match result listener that stores the explanation in a string.
88	class StringMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener {
89	public:
90	StringMatchResultListener() : MatchResultListener (&ss_) {}
91
92	// Returns the explanation accumulated so far.
93	std::string str() const { return ss_.str(); }
94
95	// Clears the explanation accumulated so far.
96	void Clear() { ss_.str(""); }
97
98	private:
99	::std::stringstream ss_;
100
101	GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StringMatchResultListener);
102	};
103
104	// Anything inside the 'internal' namespace IS INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION
105	// and MUST NOT BE USED IN USER CODE!!!
106	namespace internal {
107
108	// The MatcherCastImpl class template is a helper for implementing
109	// MatcherCast(). We need this helper in order to partially
110	// specialize the implementation of MatcherCast() (C++ allows
111	// class/struct templates to be partially specialized, but not
112	// function templates.).
113
114	// This general version is used when MatcherCast()'s argument is a
115	// polymorphic matcher (i.e. something that can be converted to a
116	// Matcher but is not one yet; for example, Eq(value)) or a value (for
117	// example, "hello").
118	template <typename T, typename M>
119	class MatcherCastImpl {
120	public:
121	static Matcher<T> Cast(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value) {
122	// M can be a polymorphic matcher, in which case we want to use
123	// its conversion operator to create Matcher<T>. Or it can be a value
124	// that should be passed to the Matcher<T>'s constructor.
125	//
126	// We can't call Matcher<T>(polymorphic_matcher_or_value) when M is a
127	// polymorphic matcher because it'll be ambiguous if T has an implicit
128	// constructor from M (this usually happens when T has an implicit
129	// constructor from any type).
130	//
131	// It won't work to unconditionally implict_cast
132	// polymorphic_matcher_or_value to Matcher<T> because it won't trigger
133	// a user-defined conversion from M to T if one exists (assuming M is
134	// a value).
135	return CastImpl(polymorphic_matcher_or_value,
136	std::is_convertible<M, Matcher<T>>{},
137	std::is_convertible<M, T>{});
138	}
139
140	private:
141	template <bool Ignore>
142	static Matcher<T> CastImpl(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value,
143	std::true_type / convertible_to_matcher /,
144	bool_constant<Ignore>) {
145	// M is implicitly convertible to Matcher<T>, which means that either
146	// M is a polymorphic matcher or Matcher<T> has an implicit constructor
147	// from M. In both cases using the implicit conversion will produce a
148	// matcher.
149	//
150	// Even if T has an implicit constructor from M, it won't be called because
151	// creating Matcher<T> would require a chain of two user-defined conversions
152	// (first to create T from M and then to create Matcher<T> from T).
153	return polymorphic_matcher_or_value;
154	}
155
156	// M can't be implicitly converted to Matcher<T>, so M isn't a polymorphic
157	// matcher. It's a value of a type implicitly convertible to T. Use direct
158	// initialization to create a matcher.
159	static Matcher<T> CastImpl(const M& value,
160	std::false_type / convertible_to_matcher /,
161	std::true_type / convertible_to_T /) {
162	return Matcher<T>(ImplicitCast_<T>(value));
163	}
164
165	// M can't be implicitly converted to either Matcher<T> or T. Attempt to use
166	// polymorphic matcher Eq(value) in this case.
167	//
168	// Note that we first attempt to perform an implicit cast on the value and
169	// only fall back to the polymorphic Eq() matcher afterwards because the
170	// latter calls bool operator==(const Lhs& lhs, const Rhs& rhs) in the end
171	// which might be undefined even when Rhs is implicitly convertible to Lhs
172	// (e.g. std::pair<const int, int> vs. std::pair<int, int>).
173	//
174	// We don't define this method inline as we need the declaration of Eq().
175	static Matcher<T> CastImpl(const M& value,
176	std::false_type / convertible_to_matcher /,
177	std::false_type / convertible_to_T /);
178	};
179
180	// This more specialized version is used when MatcherCast()'s argument
181	// is already a Matcher. This only compiles when type T can be
182	// statically converted to type U.
183	template <typename T, typename U>
184	class MatcherCastImpl<T, Matcher<U> > {
185	public:
186	static Matcher<T> Cast(const Matcher<U>& source_matcher) {
187	return Matcher<T>(new Impl(source_matcher));
188	}
189
190	private:
191	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
192	public:
193	explicit Impl(const Matcher<U>& source_matcher)
194	: source_matcher_(source_matcher) {}
195
196	// We delegate the matching logic to the source matcher.
197	bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
198	using FromType = typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_pointer<
199	typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type>::type;
200	using ToType = typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_pointer<
201	typename std::remove_reference<U>::type>::type>::type;
202	// Do not allow implicitly converting base/& to derived/&.
203	static_assert(
204	// Do not trigger if only one of them is a pointer. That implies a
205	// regular conversion and not a down_cast.
206	(std::is_pointer<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::value !=
207	std::is_pointer<typename std::remove_reference<U>::type>::value) \|\|
208	std::is_same<FromType, ToType>::value \|\|
209	!std::is_base_of<FromType, ToType>::value,
210	"Can't implicitly convert from <base> to <derived>");
211
212	return source_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(static_cast<U>(x), listener);
213	}
214
215	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
216	source_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
217	}
218
219	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
220	source_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
221	}
222
223	private:
224	const Matcher<U> source_matcher_;
225
226	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
227	};
228	};
229
230	// This even more specialized version is used for efficiently casting
231	// a matcher to its own type.
232	template <typename T>
233	class MatcherCastImpl<T, Matcher<T> > {
234	public:
235	static Matcher<T> Cast(const Matcher<T>& matcher) { return matcher; }
236	};
237
238	} // namespace internal
239
240	// In order to be safe and clear, casting between different matcher
241	// types is done explicitly via MatcherCast<T>(m), which takes a
242	// matcher m and returns a Matcher<T>. It compiles only when T can be
243	// statically converted to the argument type of m.
244	template <typename T, typename M>
245	inline Matcher<T> MatcherCast(const M& matcher) {
246	return internal::MatcherCastImpl<T, M>::Cast(matcher);
247	}
248
249	// Implements SafeMatcherCast().
250	//
251	// FIXME: The intermediate SafeMatcherCastImpl class was introduced as a
252	// workaround for a compiler bug, and can now be removed.
253	template <typename T>
254	class SafeMatcherCastImpl {
255	public:
256	// This overload handles polymorphic matchers and values only since
257	// monomorphic matchers are handled by the next one.
258	template <typename M>
259	static inline Matcher<T> Cast(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value) {
260	return internal::MatcherCastImpl<T, M>::Cast(polymorphic_matcher_or_value);
261	}
262
263	// This overload handles monomorphic matchers.
264	//
265	// In general, if type T can be implicitly converted to type U, we can
266	// safely convert a Matcher<U> to a Matcher<T> (i.e. Matcher is
267	// contravariant): just keep a copy of the original Matcher<U>, convert the
268	// argument from type T to U, and then pass it to the underlying Matcher<U>.
269	// The only exception is when U is a reference and T is not, as the
270	// underlying Matcher<U> may be interested in the argument's address, which
271	// is not preserved in the conversion from T to U.
272	template <typename U>
273	static inline Matcher<T> Cast(const Matcher<U>& matcher) {
274	// Enforce that T can be implicitly converted to U.
275	GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_((std::is_convertible<T, U>::value),
276	"T must be implicitly convertible to U");
277	// Enforce that we are not converting a non-reference type T to a reference
278	// type U.
279	GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
280	std::is_reference<T>::value \|\| !std::is_reference<U>::value,
281	cannot_convert_non_reference_arg_to_reference);
282	// In case both T and U are arithmetic types, enforce that the
283	// conversion is not lossy.
284	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T) RawT;
285	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(U) RawU;
286	const bool kTIsOther = GMOCK_KIND_OF_(RawT) == internal::kOther;
287	const bool kUIsOther = GMOCK_KIND_OF_(RawU) == internal::kOther;
288	GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
289	kTIsOther \|\| kUIsOther \|\|
290	(internal::LosslessArithmeticConvertible<RawT, RawU>::value),
291	conversion_of_arithmetic_types_must_be_lossless);
292	return MatcherCast<T>(matcher);
293	}
294	};
295
296	template <typename T, typename M>
297	inline Matcher<T> SafeMatcherCast(const M& polymorphic_matcher) {
298	return SafeMatcherCastImpl<T>::Cast(polymorphic_matcher);
299	}
300
301	// A<T>() returns a matcher that matches any value of type T.
302	template <typename T>
303	Matcher<T> A();
304
305	// Anything inside the 'internal' namespace IS INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION
306	// and MUST NOT BE USED IN USER CODE!!!
307	namespace internal {
308
309	// If the explanation is not empty, prints it to the ostream.
310	inline void PrintIfNotEmpty(const std::string& explanation,
311	::std::ostream* os) {
312	if (explanation != "" && os != nullptr) {
313	*os << ", " << explanation;
314	}
315	}
316
317	// Returns true if the given type name is easy to read by a human.
318	// This is used to decide whether printing the type of a value might
319	// be helpful.
320	inline bool IsReadableTypeName(const std::string& type_name) {
321	// We consider a type name readable if it's short or doesn't contain
322	// a template or function type.
323	return (type_name.length() <= `20` \|\|
324	type_name.find_first_of("<(") == std::string::npos);
325	}
326
327	// Matches the value against the given matcher, prints the value and explains
328	// the match result to the listener. Returns the match result.
329	// 'listener' must not be NULL.
330	// Value cannot be passed by const reference, because some matchers take a
331	// non-const argument.
332	template <typename Value, typename T>
333	bool MatchPrintAndExplain(Value& value, const Matcher<T>& matcher,
334	MatchResultListener* listener) {
335	if (!listener->IsInterested()) {
336	// If the listener is not interested, we do not need to construct the
337	// inner explanation.
338	return matcher.Matches(value);
339	}
340
341	StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
342	const bool match = matcher.MatchAndExplain(value, &inner_listener);
343
344	UniversalPrint(value, listener->stream());
345	#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
346	const std::string& type_name = GetTypeName<Value>();
347	if (IsReadableTypeName(type_name))
348	*listener->stream() << " (of type " << type_name << ")";
349	#endif
350	PrintIfNotEmpty(inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
351
352	return match;
353	}
354
355	// An internal helper class for doing compile-time loop on a tuple's
356	// fields.
357	template <size_t N>
358	class TuplePrefix {
359	public:
360	// TuplePrefix<N>::Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) returns true
361	// if and only if the first N fields of matcher_tuple matches
362	// the first N fields of value_tuple, respectively.
363	template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
364	static bool Matches(const MatcherTuple& matcher_tuple,
365	const ValueTuple& value_tuple) {
366	return TuplePrefix<N - `1`>::Matches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) &&
367	std::get<N - `1`>(matcher_tuple).Matches(std::get<N - `1`>(value_tuple));
368	}
369
370	// TuplePrefix<N>::ExplainMatchFailuresTo(matchers, values, os)
371	// describes failures in matching the first N fields of matchers
372	// against the first N fields of values. If there is no failure,
373	// nothing will be streamed to os.
374	template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
375	static void ExplainMatchFailuresTo(const MatcherTuple& matchers,
376	const ValueTuple& values,
377	::std::ostream* os) {
378	// First, describes failures in the first N - 1 fields.
379	TuplePrefix<N - `1`>::ExplainMatchFailuresTo(matchers, values, os);
380
381	// Then describes the failure (if any) in the (N - 1)-th (0-based)
382	// field.
383	typename std::tuple_element<N - `1`, MatcherTuple>::type matcher =
384	std::get<N - `1`>(matchers);
385	typedef typename std::tuple_element<N - `1`, ValueTuple>::type Value;
386	const Value& value = std::get<N - `1`>(values);
387	StringMatchResultListener listener;
388	if (!matcher.MatchAndExplain(value, &listener)) {
389	*os << " Expected arg #" << N - `1` << ": ";
390	std::get<N - `1`>(matchers).DescribeTo(os);
391	*os << "\n Actual: ";
392	// We remove the reference in type Value to prevent the
393	// universal printer from printing the address of value, which
394	// isn't interesting to the user most of the time. The
395	// matcher's MatchAndExplain() method handles the case when
396	// the address is interesting.
397	internal::UniversalPrint(value, os);
398	PrintIfNotEmpty(listener.str(), os);
399	*os << "\n";
400	}
401	}
402	};
403
404	// The base case.
405	template <>
406	class TuplePrefix<`0`> {
407	public:
408	template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
409	static bool Matches(const MatcherTuple& / matcher_tuple /,
410	const ValueTuple& / value_tuple /) {
411	return true;
412	}
413
414	template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
415	static void ExplainMatchFailuresTo(const MatcherTuple& / matchers /,
416	const ValueTuple& / values /,
417	::std::ostream* / os /) {}
418	};
419
420	// TupleMatches(matcher_tuple, value_tuple) returns true if and only if
421	// all matchers in matcher_tuple match the corresponding fields in
422	// value_tuple. It is a compiler error if matcher_tuple and
423	// value_tuple have different number of fields or incompatible field
424	// types.
425	template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
426	bool TupleMatches(const MatcherTuple& matcher_tuple,
427	const ValueTuple& value_tuple) {
428	// Makes sure that matcher_tuple and value_tuple have the same
429	// number of fields.
430	GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(std::tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value ==
431	std::tuple_size<ValueTuple>::value,
432	matcher_and_value_have_different_numbers_of_fields);
433	return TuplePrefix<std::tuple_size<ValueTuple>::value>::Matches(matcher_tuple,
434	value_tuple);
435	}
436
437	// Describes failures in matching matchers against values. If there
438	// is no failure, nothing will be streamed to os.
439	template <typename MatcherTuple, typename ValueTuple>
440	void ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo(const MatcherTuple& matchers,
441	const ValueTuple& values,
442	::std::ostream* os) {
443	TuplePrefix<std::tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value>::ExplainMatchFailuresTo(
444	matchers, values, os);
445	}
446
447	// TransformTupleValues and its helper.
448	//
449	// TransformTupleValuesHelper hides the internal machinery that
450	// TransformTupleValues uses to implement a tuple traversal.
451	template <typename Tuple, typename Func, typename OutIter>
452	class TransformTupleValuesHelper {
453	private:
454	typedef ::std::tuple_size<Tuple> TupleSize;
455
456	public:
457	// For each member of tuple 't', taken in order, evaluates 'out++ = f(t)'.*
458	// Returns the final value of 'out' in case the caller needs it.
459	static OutIter Run(Func f, const Tuple& t, OutIter out) {
460	return IterateOverTuple<Tuple, TupleSize::value>()(f, t, out);
461	}
462
463	private:
464	template <typename Tup, size_t kRemainingSize>
465	struct IterateOverTuple {
466	OutIter operator() (Func f, const Tup& t, OutIter out) const {
467	*out++ = f(::std::get<TupleSize::value - kRemainingSize>(t));
468	return IterateOverTuple<Tup, kRemainingSize - `1`>()(f, t, out);
469	}
470	};
471	template <typename Tup>
472	struct IterateOverTuple<Tup, `0`> {
473	OutIter operator() (Func / f /, const Tup& / t /, OutIter out) const {
474	return out;
475	}
476	};
477	};
478
479	// Successively invokes 'f(element)' on each element of the tuple 't',
480	// appending each result to the 'out' iterator. Returns the final value
481	// of 'out'.
482	template <typename Tuple, typename Func, typename OutIter>
483	OutIter TransformTupleValues(Func f, const Tuple& t, OutIter out) {
484	return TransformTupleValuesHelper<Tuple, Func, OutIter>::Run(f, t, out);
485	}
486
487	// Implements A<T>().
488	template <typename T>
489	class AnyMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<const T&> {
490	public:
491	bool MatchAndExplain(const T& / x /,
492	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const override {
493	return true;
494	}
495	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override { *os << "is anything"; }
496	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
497	// This is mostly for completeness' safe, as it's not very useful
498	// to write Not(A<bool>()). However we cannot completely rule out
499	// such a possibility, and it doesn't hurt to be prepared.
500	*os << "never matches";
501	}
502	};
503
504	// Implements _, a matcher that matches any value of any
505	// type. This is a polymorphic matcher, so we need a template type
506	// conversion operator to make it appearing as a Matcher<T> for any
507	// type T.
508	class AnythingMatcher {
509	public:
510	template <typename T>
511	operator Matcher<T>() const { return A<T>(); }
512	};
513
514	// Implements the polymorphic IsNull() matcher, which matches any raw or smart
515	// pointer that is NULL.
516	class IsNullMatcher {
517	public:
518	template <typename Pointer>
519	bool MatchAndExplain(const Pointer& p,
520	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const {
521	return p == nullptr;
522	}
523
524	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "is NULL"; }
525	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
526	*os << "isn't NULL";
527	}
528	};
529
530	// Implements the polymorphic NotNull() matcher, which matches any raw or smart
531	// pointer that is not NULL.
532	class NotNullMatcher {
533	public:
534	template <typename Pointer>
535	bool MatchAndExplain(const Pointer& p,
536	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const {
537	return p != nullptr;
538	}
539
540	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { *os << "isn't NULL"; }
541	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
542	*os << "is NULL";
543	}
544	};
545
546	// Ref(variable) matches any argument that is a reference to
547	// 'variable'. This matcher is polymorphic as it can match any
548	// super type of the type of 'variable'.
549	//
550	// The RefMatcher template class implements Ref(variable). It can
551	// only be instantiated with a reference type. This prevents a user
552	// from mistakenly using Ref(x) to match a non-reference function
553	// argument. For example, the following will righteously cause a
554	// compiler error:
555	//
556	// int n;
557	// Matcher<int> m1 = Ref(n); // This won't compile.
558	// Matcher<int&> m2 = Ref(n); // This will compile.
559	template <typename T>
560	class RefMatcher;
561
562	template <typename T>
563	class RefMatcher<T&> {
564	// Google Mock is a generic framework and thus needs to support
565	// mocking any function types, including those that take non-const
566	// reference arguments. Therefore the template parameter T (and
567	// Super below) can be instantiated to either a const type or a
568	// non-const type.
569	public:
570	// RefMatcher() takes a T& instead of const T&, as we want the
571	// compiler to catch using Ref(const_value) as a matcher for a
572	// non-const reference.
573	explicit RefMatcher(T& x) : object_(x) {} // NOLINT
574
575	template <typename Super>
576	operator Matcher<Super&>() const {
577	// By passing object_ (type T&) to Impl(), which expects a Super&,
578	// we make sure that Super is a super type of T. In particular,
579	// this catches using Ref(const_value) as a matcher for a
580	// non-const reference, as you cannot implicitly convert a const
581	// reference to a non-const reference.
582	return MakeMatcher(new Impl<Super>(object_));
583	}
584
585	private:
586	template <typename Super>
587	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Super&> {
588	public:
589	explicit Impl(Super& x) : object_(x) {} // NOLINT
590
591	// MatchAndExplain() takes a Super& (as opposed to const Super&)
592	// in order to match the interface MatcherInterface<Super&>.
593	bool MatchAndExplain(Super& x,
594	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
595	listener << "which is located @" << static_cast<const* void*>(&x);
596	return &x == &object_;
597	}
598
599	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
600	*os << "references the variable ";
601	UniversalPrinter<Super&>::Print(object_, os);
602	}
603
604	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
605	*os << "does not reference the variable ";
606	UniversalPrinter<Super&>::Print(object_, os);
607	}
608
609	private:
610	const Super& object_;
611
612	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
613	};
614
615	T& object_;
616
617	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(RefMatcher);
618	};
619
620	// Polymorphic helper functions for narrow and wide string matchers.
621	inline bool CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) {
622	return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(lhs, rhs);
623	}
624
625	inline bool CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs,
626	const wchar_t* rhs) {
627	return String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(lhs, rhs);
628	}
629
630	// String comparison for narrow or wide strings that can have embedded NUL
631	// characters.
632	template <typename StringType>
633	bool CaseInsensitiveStringEquals(const StringType& s1,
634	const StringType& s2) {
635	// Are the heads equal?
636	if (!CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str())) {
637	return false;
638	}
639
640	// Skip the equal heads.
641	const typename StringType::value_type nul = `0`;
642	const size_t i1 = s1.find(nul), i2 = s2.find(nul);
643
644	// Are we at the end of either s1 or s2?
645	if (i1 == StringType::npos \|\| i2 == StringType::npos) {
646	return i1 == i2;
647	}
648
649	// Are the tails equal?
650	return CaseInsensitiveStringEquals(s1.substr(i1 + `1`), s2.substr(i2 + `1`));
651	}
652
653	// String matchers.
654
655	// Implements equality-based string matchers like StrEq, StrCaseNe, and etc.
656	template <typename StringType>
657	class StrEqualityMatcher {
658	public:
659	StrEqualityMatcher(const StringType& str, bool expect_eq,
660	bool case_sensitive)
661	: string_(str), expect_eq_(expect_eq), case_sensitive_(case_sensitive) {}
662
663	#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
664	bool MatchAndExplain(const absl::string_view& s,
665	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
666	// This should fail to compile if absl::string_view is used with wide
667	// strings.
668	const StringType& str = std::string(s);
669	return MatchAndExplain(str, listener);
670	}
671	#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
672
673	// Accepts pointer types, particularly:
674	// const char*
675	// char*
676	// const wchar_t*
677	// wchar_t*
678	template <typename CharType>
679	bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
680	if (s == nullptr) {
681	return !expect_eq_;
682	}
683	return MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener);
684	}
685
686	// Matches anything that can convert to StringType.
687	//
688	// This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&,
689	// because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
690	template <typename MatcheeStringType>
691	bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
692	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const {
693	const StringType& s2(s);
694	const bool eq = case_sensitive_ ? s2 == string_ :
695	CaseInsensitiveStringEquals(s2, string_);
696	return expect_eq_ == eq;
697	}
698
699	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
700	DescribeToHelper(expect_eq_, os);
701	}
702
703	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
704	DescribeToHelper(!expect_eq_, os);
705	}
706
707	private:
708	void DescribeToHelper(bool expect_eq, ::std::ostream* os) const {
709	*os << (expect_eq ? "is " : "isn't ");
710	*os << "equal to ";
711	if (!case_sensitive_) {
712	*os << "(ignoring case) ";
713	}
714	UniversalPrint(string_, os);
715	}
716
717	const StringType string_;
718	const bool expect_eq_;
719	const bool case_sensitive_;
720
721	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(StrEqualityMatcher);
722	};
723
724	// Implements the polymorphic HasSubstr(substring) matcher, which
725	// can be used as a Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to a
726	// string.
727	template <typename StringType>
728	class HasSubstrMatcher {
729	public:
730	explicit HasSubstrMatcher(const StringType& substring)
731	: substring_(substring) {}
732
733	#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
734	bool MatchAndExplain(const absl::string_view& s,
735	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
736	// This should fail to compile if absl::string_view is used with wide
737	// strings.
738	const StringType& str = std::string(s);
739	return MatchAndExplain(str, listener);
740	}
741	#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
742
743	// Accepts pointer types, particularly:
744	// const char*
745	// char*
746	// const wchar_t*
747	// wchar_t*
748	template <typename CharType>
749	bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
750	return s != nullptr && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener);
751	}
752
753	// Matches anything that can convert to StringType.
754	//
755	// This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&,
756	// because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
757	template <typename MatcheeStringType>
758	bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
759	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const {
760	const StringType& s2(s);
761	return s2.find(substring_) != StringType::npos;
762	}
763
764	// Describes what this matcher matches.
765	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
766	*os << "has substring ";
767	UniversalPrint(substring_, os);
768	}
769
770	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
771	*os << "has no substring ";
772	UniversalPrint(substring_, os);
773	}
774
775	private:
776	const StringType substring_;
777
778	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(HasSubstrMatcher);
779	};
780
781	// Implements the polymorphic StartsWith(substring) matcher, which
782	// can be used as a Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to a
783	// string.
784	template <typename StringType>
785	class StartsWithMatcher {
786	public:
787	explicit StartsWithMatcher(const StringType& prefix) : prefix_(prefix) {
788	}
789
790	#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
791	bool MatchAndExplain(const absl::string_view& s,
792	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
793	// This should fail to compile if absl::string_view is used with wide
794	// strings.
795	const StringType& str = std::string(s);
796	return MatchAndExplain(str, listener);
797	}
798	#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
799
800	// Accepts pointer types, particularly:
801	// const char*
802	// char*
803	// const wchar_t*
804	// wchar_t*
805	template <typename CharType>
806	bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
807	return s != nullptr && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener);
808	}
809
810	// Matches anything that can convert to StringType.
811	//
812	// This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&,
813	// because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
814	template <typename MatcheeStringType>
815	bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
816	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const {
817	const StringType& s2(s);
818	return s2.length() >= prefix_.length() &&
819	s2.substr(`0`, prefix_.length()) == prefix_;
820	}
821
822	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
823	*os << "starts with ";
824	UniversalPrint(prefix_, os);
825	}
826
827	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
828	*os << "doesn't start with ";
829	UniversalPrint(prefix_, os);
830	}
831
832	private:
833	const StringType prefix_;
834
835	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(StartsWithMatcher);
836	};
837
838	// Implements the polymorphic EndsWith(substring) matcher, which
839	// can be used as a Matcher<T> as long as T can be converted to a
840	// string.
841	template <typename StringType>
842	class EndsWithMatcher {
843	public:
844	explicit EndsWithMatcher(const StringType& suffix) : suffix_(suffix) {}
845
846	#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
847	bool MatchAndExplain(const absl::string_view& s,
848	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
849	// This should fail to compile if absl::string_view is used with wide
850	// strings.
851	const StringType& str = std::string(s);
852	return MatchAndExplain(str, listener);
853	}
854	#endif // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
855
856	// Accepts pointer types, particularly:
857	// const char*
858	// char*
859	// const wchar_t*
860	// wchar_t*
861	template <typename CharType>
862	bool MatchAndExplain(CharType* s, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
863	return s != nullptr && MatchAndExplain(StringType(s), listener);
864	}
865
866	// Matches anything that can convert to StringType.
867	//
868	// This is a template, not just a plain function with const StringType&,
869	// because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
870	template <typename MatcheeStringType>
871	bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
872	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const {
873	const StringType& s2(s);
874	return s2.length() >= suffix_.length() &&
875	s2.substr(s2.length() - suffix_.length()) == suffix_;
876	}
877
878	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
879	*os << "ends with ";
880	UniversalPrint(suffix_, os);
881	}
882
883	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
884	*os << "doesn't end with ";
885	UniversalPrint(suffix_, os);
886	}
887
888	private:
889	const StringType suffix_;
890
891	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(EndsWithMatcher);
892	};
893
894	// Implements a matcher that compares the two fields of a 2-tuple
895	// using one of the ==, <=, <, etc, operators. The two fields being
896	// compared don't have to have the same type.
897	//
898	// The matcher defined here is polymorphic (for example, Eq() can be
899	// used to match a std::tuple<int, short>, a std::tuple<const long&, double>,
900	// etc). Therefore we use a template type conversion operator in the
901	// implementation.
902	template <typename D, typename Op>
903	class PairMatchBase {
904	public:
905	template <typename T1, typename T2>
906	operator Matcher<::std::tuple<T1, T2>>() const {
907	return Matcher<::std::tuple<T1, T2>>(new Impl<const ::std::tuple<T1, T2>&>);
908	}
909	template <typename T1, typename T2>
910	operator Matcher<const ::std::tuple<T1, T2>&>() const {
911	return MakeMatcher(new Impl<const ::std::tuple<T1, T2>&>);
912	}
913
914	private:
915	static ::std::ostream& GetDesc(::std::ostream& os) { // NOLINT
916	return os << D::Desc();
917	}
918
919	template <typename Tuple>
920	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Tuple> {
921	public:
922	bool MatchAndExplain(Tuple args,
923	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const override {
924	return Op()(::std::get<`0`>(args), ::std::get<`1`>(args));
925	}
926	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
927	*os << "are " << GetDesc;
928	}
929	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
930	*os << "aren't " << GetDesc;
931	}
932	};
933	};
934
935	class Eq2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Eq2Matcher, AnyEq> {
936	public:
937	static const char* Desc() { return "an equal pair"; }
938	};
939	class Ne2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Ne2Matcher, AnyNe> {
940	public:
941	static const char* Desc() { return "an unequal pair"; }
942	};
943	class Lt2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Lt2Matcher, AnyLt> {
944	public:
945	static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first < the second"; }
946	};
947	class Gt2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Gt2Matcher, AnyGt> {
948	public:
949	static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first > the second"; }
950	};
951	class Le2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Le2Matcher, AnyLe> {
952	public:
953	static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first <= the second"; }
954	};
955	class Ge2Matcher : public PairMatchBase<Ge2Matcher, AnyGe> {
956	public:
957	static const char* Desc() { return "a pair where the first >= the second"; }
958	};
959
960	// Implements the Not(...) matcher for a particular argument type T.
961	// We do not nest it inside the NotMatcher class template, as that
962	// will prevent different instantiations of NotMatcher from sharing
963	// the same NotMatcherImpl<T> class.
964	template <typename T>
965	class NotMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<const T&> {
966	public:
967	explicit NotMatcherImpl(const Matcher<T>& matcher)
968	: matcher_(matcher) {}
969
970	bool MatchAndExplain(const T& x,
971	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
972	return !matcher_.MatchAndExplain(x, listener);
973	}
974
975	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
976	matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
977	}
978
979	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
980	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
981	}
982
983	private:
984	const Matcher<T> matcher_;
985
986	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(NotMatcherImpl);
987	};
988
989	// Implements the Not(m) matcher, which matches a value that doesn't
990	// match matcher m.
991	template <typename InnerMatcher>
992	class NotMatcher {
993	public:
994	explicit NotMatcher(InnerMatcher matcher) : matcher_(matcher) {}
995
996	// This template type conversion operator allows Not(m) to be used
997	// to match any type m can match.
998	template <typename T>
999	operator Matcher<T>() const {
1000	return Matcher<T>(new NotMatcherImpl<T>(SafeMatcherCast<T>(matcher_)));
1001	}
1002
1003	private:
1004	InnerMatcher matcher_;
1005
1006	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(NotMatcher);
1007	};
1008
1009	// Implements the AllOf(m1, m2) matcher for a particular argument type
1010	// T. We do not nest it inside the BothOfMatcher class template, as
1011	// that will prevent different instantiations of BothOfMatcher from
1012	// sharing the same BothOfMatcherImpl<T> class.
1013	template <typename T>
1014	class AllOfMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<const T&> {
1015	public:
1016	explicit AllOfMatcherImpl(std::vector<Matcher<T> > matchers)
1017	: matchers_(std::move(matchers)) {}
1018
1019	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1020	*os << "(";
1021	for (size_t i = `0`; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) {
1022	if (i != `0`) *os << ") and (";
1023	matchers_[i].DescribeTo(os);
1024	}
1025	*os << ")";
1026	}
1027
1028	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1029	*os << "(";
1030	for (size_t i = `0`; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) {
1031	if (i != `0`) *os << ") or (";
1032	matchers_[i].DescribeNegationTo(os);
1033	}
1034	*os << ")";
1035	}
1036
1037	bool MatchAndExplain(const T& x,
1038	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
1039	// If either matcher1_ or matcher2_ doesn't match x, we only need
1040	// to explain why one of them fails.
1041	std::string all_match_result;
1042
1043	for (size_t i = `0`; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) {
1044	StringMatchResultListener slistener;
1045	if (matchers_[i].MatchAndExplain(x, &slistener)) {
1046	if (all_match_result.empty()) {
1047	all_match_result = slistener.str();
1048	} else {
1049	std::string result = slistener.str();
1050	if (!result.empty()) {
1051	all_match_result += ", and ";
1052	all_match_result += result;
1053	}
1054	}
1055	} else {
1056	*listener << slistener.str();
1057	return false;
1058	}
1059	}
1060
1061	// Otherwise we need to explain why both* of them match.*
1062	*listener << all_match_result;
1063	return true;
1064	}
1065
1066	private:
1067	const std::vector<Matcher<T> > matchers_;
1068
1069	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(AllOfMatcherImpl);
1070	};
1071
1072	// VariadicMatcher is used for the variadic implementation of
1073	// AllOf(m_1, m_2, ...) and AnyOf(m_1, m_2, ...).
1074	// CombiningMatcher<T> is used to recursively combine the provided matchers
1075	// (of type Args...).
1076	template <template <typename T> class CombiningMatcher, typename... Args>
1077	class VariadicMatcher {
1078	public:
1079	VariadicMatcher(const Args&... matchers) // NOLINT
1080	: matchers_(matchers...) {
1081	static_assert(sizeof...(Args) > `0`, "Must have at least one matcher.");
1082	}
1083
1084	// This template type conversion operator allows an
1085	// VariadicMatcher<Matcher1, Matcher2...> object to match any type that
1086	// all of the provided matchers (Matcher1, Matcher2, ...) can match.
1087	template <typename T>
1088	operator Matcher<T>() const {
1089	std::vector<Matcher<T> > values;
1090	CreateVariadicMatcher<T>(&values, std::integral_constant<size_t, `0`>());
1091	return Matcher<T>(new CombiningMatcher<T>(std::move(values)));
1092	}
1093
1094	private:
1095	template <typename T, size_t I>
1096	void CreateVariadicMatcher(std::vector<Matcher<T> >* values,
1097	std::integral_constant<size_t, I>) const {
1098	values->push_back(SafeMatcherCast<T>(std::get<I>(matchers_)));
1099	CreateVariadicMatcher<T>(values, std::integral_constant<size_t, I + `1`>());
1100	}
1101
1102	template <typename T>
1103	void CreateVariadicMatcher(
1104	std::vector<Matcher<T> >*,
1105	std::integral_constant<size_t, sizeof...(Args)>) const {}
1106
1107	std::tuple<Args...> matchers_;
1108
1109	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(VariadicMatcher);
1110	};
1111
1112	template <typename... Args>
1113	using AllOfMatcher = VariadicMatcher<AllOfMatcherImpl, Args...>;
1114
1115	// Implements the AnyOf(m1, m2) matcher for a particular argument type
1116	// T. We do not nest it inside the AnyOfMatcher class template, as
1117	// that will prevent different instantiations of AnyOfMatcher from
1118	// sharing the same EitherOfMatcherImpl<T> class.
1119	template <typename T>
1120	class AnyOfMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<const T&> {
1121	public:
1122	explicit AnyOfMatcherImpl(std::vector<Matcher<T> > matchers)
1123	: matchers_(std::move(matchers)) {}
1124
1125	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1126	*os << "(";
1127	for (size_t i = `0`; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) {
1128	if (i != `0`) *os << ") or (";
1129	matchers_[i].DescribeTo(os);
1130	}
1131	*os << ")";
1132	}
1133
1134	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1135	*os << "(";
1136	for (size_t i = `0`; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) {
1137	if (i != `0`) *os << ") and (";
1138	matchers_[i].DescribeNegationTo(os);
1139	}
1140	*os << ")";
1141	}
1142
1143	bool MatchAndExplain(const T& x,
1144	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
1145	std::string no_match_result;
1146
1147	// If either matcher1_ or matcher2_ matches x, we just need to
1148	// explain why one* of them matches.*
1149	for (size_t i = `0`; i < matchers_.size(); ++i) {
1150	StringMatchResultListener slistener;
1151	if (matchers_[i].MatchAndExplain(x, &slistener)) {
1152	*listener << slistener.str();
1153	return true;
1154	} else {
1155	if (no_match_result.empty()) {
1156	no_match_result = slistener.str();
1157	} else {
1158	std::string result = slistener.str();
1159	if (!result.empty()) {
1160	no_match_result += ", and ";
1161	no_match_result += result;
1162	}
1163	}
1164	}
1165	}
1166
1167	// Otherwise we need to explain why both* of them fail.*
1168	*listener << no_match_result;
1169	return false;
1170	}
1171
1172	private:
1173	const std::vector<Matcher<T> > matchers_;
1174
1175	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(AnyOfMatcherImpl);
1176	};
1177
1178	// AnyOfMatcher is used for the variadic implementation of AnyOf(m_1, m_2, ...).
1179	template <typename... Args>
1180	using AnyOfMatcher = VariadicMatcher<AnyOfMatcherImpl, Args...>;
1181
1182	// Wrapper for implementation of Any/AllOfArray().
1183	template <template <class> class MatcherImpl, typename T>
1184	class SomeOfArrayMatcher {
1185	public:
1186	// Constructs the matcher from a sequence of element values or
1187	// element matchers.
1188	template <typename Iter>
1189	SomeOfArrayMatcher(Iter first, Iter last) : matchers_(first, last) {}
1190
1191	template <typename U>
1192	operator Matcher<U>() const { // NOLINT
1193	using RawU = typename std::decay<U>::type;
1194	std::vector<Matcher<RawU>> matchers;
1195	for (const auto& matcher : matchers_) {
1196	matchers.push_back(MatcherCast<RawU>(matcher));
1197	}
1198	return Matcher<U>(new MatcherImpl<RawU>(std::move(matchers)));
1199	}
1200
1201	private:
1202	const ::std::vector<T> matchers_;
1203
1204	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(SomeOfArrayMatcher);
1205	};
1206
1207	template <typename T>
1208	using AllOfArrayMatcher = SomeOfArrayMatcher<AllOfMatcherImpl, T>;
1209
1210	template <typename T>
1211	using AnyOfArrayMatcher = SomeOfArrayMatcher<AnyOfMatcherImpl, T>;
1212
1213	// Used for implementing Truly(pred), which turns a predicate into a
1214	// matcher.
1215	template <typename Predicate>
1216	class TrulyMatcher {
1217	public:
1218	explicit TrulyMatcher(Predicate pred) : predicate_(pred) {}
1219
1220	// This method template allows Truly(pred) to be used as a matcher
1221	// for type T where T is the argument type of predicate 'pred'. The
1222	// argument is passed by reference as the predicate may be
1223	// interested in the address of the argument.
1224	template <typename T>
1225	bool MatchAndExplain(T& x, // NOLINT
1226	MatchResultListener* / listener /) const {
1227	// Without the if-statement, MSVC sometimes warns about converting
1228	// a value to bool (warning 4800).
1229	//
1230	// We cannot write 'return !!predicate_(x);' as that doesn't work
1231	// when predicate_(x) returns a class convertible to bool but
1232	// having no operator!().
1233	if (predicate_(x))
1234	return true;
1235	return false;
1236	}
1237
1238	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
1239	*os << "satisfies the given predicate";
1240	}
1241
1242	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
1243	*os << "doesn't satisfy the given predicate";
1244	}
1245
1246	private:
1247	Predicate predicate_;
1248
1249	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(TrulyMatcher);
1250	};
1251
1252	// Used for implementing Matches(matcher), which turns a matcher into
1253	// a predicate.
1254	template <typename M>
1255	class MatcherAsPredicate {
1256	public:
1257	explicit MatcherAsPredicate(M matcher) : matcher_(matcher) {}
1258
1259	// This template operator() allows Matches(m) to be used as a
1260	// predicate on type T where m is a matcher on type T.
1261	//
1262	// The argument x is passed by reference instead of by value, as
1263	// some matcher may be interested in its address (e.g. as in
1264	// Matches(Ref(n))(x)).
1265	template <typename T>
1266	bool operator()(const T& x) const {
1267	// We let matcher_ commit to a particular type here instead of
1268	// when the MatcherAsPredicate object was constructed. This
1269	// allows us to write Matches(m) where m is a polymorphic matcher
1270	// (e.g. Eq(5)).
1271	//
1272	// If we write Matcher<T>(matcher_).Matches(x) here, it won't
1273	// compile when matcher_ has type Matcher<const T&>; if we write
1274	// Matcher<const T&>(matcher_).Matches(x) here, it won't compile
1275	// when matcher_ has type Matcher<T>; if we just write
1276	// matcher_.Matches(x), it won't compile when matcher_ is
1277	// polymorphic, e.g. Eq(5).
1278	//
1279	// MatcherCast<const T&>() is necessary for making the code work
1280	// in all of the above situations.
1281	return MatcherCast<const T&>(matcher_).Matches(x);
1282	}
1283
1284	private:
1285	M matcher_;
1286
1287	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(MatcherAsPredicate);
1288	};
1289
1290	// For implementing ASSERT_THAT() and EXPECT_THAT(). The template
1291	// argument M must be a type that can be converted to a matcher.
1292	template <typename M>
1293	class PredicateFormatterFromMatcher {
1294	public:
1295	explicit PredicateFormatterFromMatcher(M m) : matcher_(std::move(m)) {}
1296
1297	// This template () operator allows a PredicateFormatterFromMatcher
1298	// object to act as a predicate-formatter suitable for using with
1299	// Google Test's EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1() macro.
1300	template <typename T>
1301	AssertionResult operator()(const char* value_text, const T& x) const {
1302	// We convert matcher_ to a Matcher<const T&> now* instead of*
1303	// when the PredicateFormatterFromMatcher object was constructed,
1304	// as matcher_ may be polymorphic (e.g. NotNull()) and we won't
1305	// know which type to instantiate it to until we actually see the
1306	// type of x here.
1307	//
1308	// We write SafeMatcherCast<const T&>(matcher_) instead of
1309	// Matcher<const T&>(matcher_), as the latter won't compile when
1310	// matcher_ has type Matcher<T> (e.g. An<int>()).
1311	// We don't write MatcherCast<const T&> either, as that allows
1312	// potentially unsafe downcasting of the matcher argument.
1313	const Matcher<const T&> matcher = SafeMatcherCast<const T&>(matcher_);
1314
1315	// The expected path here is that the matcher should match (i.e. that most
1316	// tests pass) so optimize for this case.
1317	if (matcher.Matches(x)) {
1318	return AssertionSuccess();
1319	}
1320
1321	::std::stringstream ss;
1322	ss << "Value of: " << value_text << "\n"
1323	<< "Expected: ";
1324	matcher.DescribeTo(&ss);
1325
1326	// Rerun the matcher to "PrintAndExain" the failure.
1327	StringMatchResultListener listener;
1328	if (MatchPrintAndExplain(x, matcher, &listener)) {
1329	ss << "\n The matcher failed on the initial attempt; but passed when "
1330	"rerun to generate the explanation.";
1331	}
1332	ss << "\n Actual: " << listener.str();
1333	return AssertionFailure() << ss.str();
1334	}
1335
1336	private:
1337	const M matcher_;
1338
1339	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PredicateFormatterFromMatcher);
1340	};
1341
1342	// A helper function for converting a matcher to a predicate-formatter
1343	// without the user needing to explicitly write the type. This is
1344	// used for implementing ASSERT_THAT() and EXPECT_THAT().
1345	// Implementation detail: 'matcher' is received by-value to force decaying.
1346	template <typename M>
1347	inline PredicateFormatterFromMatcher<M>
1348	MakePredicateFormatterFromMatcher(M matcher) {
1349	return PredicateFormatterFromMatcher<M>(std::move(matcher));
1350	}
1351
1352	// Implements the polymorphic floating point equality matcher, which matches
1353	// two float values using ULP-based approximation or, optionally, a
1354	// user-specified epsilon. The template is meant to be instantiated with
1355	// FloatType being either float or double.
1356	template <typename FloatType>
1357	class FloatingEqMatcher {
1358	public:
1359	// Constructor for FloatingEqMatcher.
1360	// The matcher's input will be compared with expected. The matcher treats two
1361	// NANs as equal if nan_eq_nan is true. Otherwise, under IEEE standards,
1362	// equality comparisons between NANs will always return false. We specify a
1363	// negative max_abs_error_ term to indicate that ULP-based approximation will
1364	// be used for comparison.
1365	FloatingEqMatcher(FloatType expected, bool nan_eq_nan) :
1366	expected_(expected), nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan), max_abs_error_(-`1`) {
1367	}
1368
1369	// Constructor that supports a user-specified max_abs_error that will be used
1370	// for comparison instead of ULP-based approximation. The max absolute
1371	// should be non-negative.
1372	FloatingEqMatcher(FloatType expected, bool nan_eq_nan,
1373	FloatType max_abs_error)
1374	: expected_(expected),
1375	nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan),
1376	max_abs_error_(max_abs_error) {
1377	GTEST_CHECK_(max_abs_error >= `0`)
1378	<< ", where max_abs_error is" << max_abs_error;
1379	}
1380
1381	// Implements floating point equality matcher as a Matcher<T>.
1382	template <typename T>
1383	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
1384	public:
1385	Impl(FloatType expected, bool nan_eq_nan, FloatType max_abs_error)
1386	: expected_(expected),
1387	nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan),
1388	max_abs_error_(max_abs_error) {}
1389
1390	bool MatchAndExplain(T value,
1391	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
1392	const FloatingPoint<FloatType> actual(value), expected(expected_);
1393
1394	// Compares NaNs first, if nan_eq_nan_ is true.
1395	if (actual.is_nan() \|\| expected.is_nan()) {
1396	if (actual.is_nan() && expected.is_nan()) {
1397	return nan_eq_nan_;
1398	}
1399	// One is nan; the other is not nan.
1400	return false;
1401	}
1402	if (HasMaxAbsError()) {
1403	// We perform an equality check so that inf will match inf, regardless
1404	// of error bounds. If the result of value - expected_ would result in
1405	// overflow or if either value is inf, the default result is infinity,
1406	// which should only match if max_abs_error_ is also infinity.
1407	if (value == expected_) {
1408	return true;
1409	}
1410
1411	const FloatType diff = value - expected_;
1412	if (fabs(diff) <= max_abs_error_) {
1413	return true;
1414	}
1415
1416	if (listener->IsInterested()) {
1417	*listener << "which is " << diff << " from " << expected_;
1418	}
1419	return false;
1420	} else {
1421	return actual.AlmostEquals(expected);
1422	}
1423	}
1424
1425	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1426	// os->precision() returns the previously set precision, which we
1427	// store to restore the ostream to its original configuration
1428	// after outputting.
1429	const ::std::streamsize old_precision = os->precision(
1430	::std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits10 + `2`);
1431	if (FloatingPoint<FloatType>(expected_).is_nan()) {
1432	if (nan_eq_nan_) {
1433	*os << "is NaN";
1434	} else {
1435	*os << "never matches";
1436	}
1437	} else {
1438	*os << "is approximately " << expected_;
1439	if (HasMaxAbsError()) {
1440	*os << " (absolute error <= " << max_abs_error_ << ")";
1441	}
1442	}
1443	os->precision(old_precision);
1444	}
1445
1446	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1447	// As before, get original precision.
1448	const ::std::streamsize old_precision = os->precision(
1449	::std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::digits10 + `2`);
1450	if (FloatingPoint<FloatType>(expected_).is_nan()) {
1451	if (nan_eq_nan_) {
1452	*os << "isn't NaN";
1453	} else {
1454	*os << "is anything";
1455	}
1456	} else {
1457	*os << "isn't approximately " << expected_;
1458	if (HasMaxAbsError()) {
1459	*os << " (absolute error > " << max_abs_error_ << ")";
1460	}
1461	}
1462	// Restore original precision.
1463	os->precision(old_precision);
1464	}
1465
1466	private:
1467	bool HasMaxAbsError() const {
1468	return max_abs_error_ >= `0`;
1469	}
1470
1471	const FloatType expected_;
1472	const bool nan_eq_nan_;
1473	// max_abs_error will be used for value comparison when >= 0.
1474	const FloatType max_abs_error_;
1475
1476	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
1477	};
1478
1479	// The following 3 type conversion operators allow FloatEq(expected) and
1480	// NanSensitiveFloatEq(expected) to be used as a Matcher<float>, a
1481	// Matcher<const float&>, or a Matcher<float&>, but nothing else.
1482	// (While Google's C++ coding style doesn't allow arguments passed
1483	// by non-const reference, we may see them in code not conforming to
1484	// the style. Therefore Google Mock needs to support them.)
1485	operator Matcher<FloatType>() const {
1486	return MakeMatcher(
1487	new Impl<FloatType>(expected_, nan_eq_nan_, max_abs_error_));
1488	}
1489
1490	operator Matcher<const FloatType&>() const {
1491	return MakeMatcher(
1492	new Impl<const FloatType&>(expected_, nan_eq_nan_, max_abs_error_));
1493	}
1494
1495	operator Matcher<FloatType&>() const {
1496	return MakeMatcher(
1497	new Impl<FloatType&>(expected_, nan_eq_nan_, max_abs_error_));
1498	}
1499
1500	private:
1501	const FloatType expected_;
1502	const bool nan_eq_nan_;
1503	// max_abs_error will be used for value comparison when >= 0.
1504	const FloatType max_abs_error_;
1505
1506	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(FloatingEqMatcher);
1507	};
1508
1509	// A 2-tuple ("binary") wrapper around FloatingEqMatcher:
1510	// FloatingEq2Matcher() matches (x, y) by matching FloatingEqMatcher(x, false)
1511	// against y, and FloatingEq2Matcher(e) matches FloatingEqMatcher(x, false, e)
1512	// against y. The former implements "Eq", the latter "Near". At present, there
1513	// is no version that compares NaNs as equal.
1514	template <typename FloatType>
1515	class FloatingEq2Matcher {
1516	public:
1517	FloatingEq2Matcher() { Init(-`1`, false); }
1518
1519	explicit FloatingEq2Matcher(bool nan_eq_nan) { Init(-`1`, nan_eq_nan); }
1520
1521	explicit FloatingEq2Matcher(FloatType max_abs_error) {
1522	Init(max_abs_error, false);
1523	}
1524
1525	FloatingEq2Matcher(FloatType max_abs_error, bool nan_eq_nan) {
1526	Init(max_abs_error, nan_eq_nan);
1527	}
1528
1529	template <typename T1, typename T2>
1530	operator Matcher<::std::tuple<T1, T2>>() const {
1531	return MakeMatcher(
1532	new Impl<::std::tuple<T1, T2>>(max_abs_error_, nan_eq_nan_));
1533	}
1534	template <typename T1, typename T2>
1535	operator Matcher<const ::std::tuple<T1, T2>&>() const {
1536	return MakeMatcher(
1537	new Impl<const ::std::tuple<T1, T2>&>(max_abs_error_, nan_eq_nan_));
1538	}
1539
1540	private:
1541	static ::std::ostream& GetDesc(::std::ostream& os) { // NOLINT
1542	return os << "an almost-equal pair";
1543	}
1544
1545	template <typename Tuple>
1546	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Tuple> {
1547	public:
1548	Impl(FloatType max_abs_error, bool nan_eq_nan) :
1549	max_abs_error_(max_abs_error),
1550	nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan) {}
1551
1552	bool MatchAndExplain(Tuple args,
1553	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
1554	if (max_abs_error_ == -`1`) {
1555	FloatingEqMatcher<FloatType> fm(::std::get<`0`>(args), nan_eq_nan_);
1556	return static_cast<Matcher<FloatType>>(fm).MatchAndExplain(
1557	::std::get<`1`>(args), listener);
1558	} else {
1559	FloatingEqMatcher<FloatType> fm(::std::get<`0`>(args), nan_eq_nan_,
1560	max_abs_error_);
1561	return static_cast<Matcher<FloatType>>(fm).MatchAndExplain(
1562	::std::get<`1`>(args), listener);
1563	}
1564	}
1565	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1566	*os << "are " << GetDesc;
1567	}
1568	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1569	*os << "aren't " << GetDesc;
1570	}
1571
1572	private:
1573	FloatType max_abs_error_;
1574	const bool nan_eq_nan_;
1575	};
1576
1577	void Init(FloatType max_abs_error_val, bool nan_eq_nan_val) {
1578	max_abs_error_ = max_abs_error_val;
1579	nan_eq_nan_ = nan_eq_nan_val;
1580	}
1581	FloatType max_abs_error_;
1582	bool nan_eq_nan_;
1583	};
1584
1585	// Implements the Pointee(m) matcher for matching a pointer whose
1586	// pointee matches matcher m. The pointer can be either raw or smart.
1587	template <typename InnerMatcher>
1588	class PointeeMatcher {
1589	public:
1590	explicit PointeeMatcher(const InnerMatcher& matcher) : matcher_(matcher) {}
1591
1592	// This type conversion operator template allows Pointee(m) to be
1593	// used as a matcher for any pointer type whose pointee type is
1594	// compatible with the inner matcher, where type Pointer can be
1595	// either a raw pointer or a smart pointer.
1596	//
1597	// The reason we do this instead of relying on
1598	// MakePolymorphicMatcher() is that the latter is not flexible
1599	// enough for implementing the DescribeTo() method of Pointee().
1600	template <typename Pointer>
1601	operator Matcher<Pointer>() const {
1602	return Matcher<Pointer>(new Impl<const Pointer&>(matcher_));
1603	}
1604
1605	private:
1606	// The monomorphic implementation that works for a particular pointer type.
1607	template <typename Pointer>
1608	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Pointer> {
1609	public:
1610	typedef typename PointeeOf<typename std::remove_const<
1611	typename std::remove_reference<Pointer>::type>::type>::type Pointee;
1612
1613	explicit Impl(const InnerMatcher& matcher)
1614	: matcher_(MatcherCast<const Pointee&>(matcher)) {}
1615
1616	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1617	*os << "points to a value that ";
1618	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
1619	}
1620
1621	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1622	*os << "does not point to a value that ";
1623	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
1624	}
1625
1626	bool MatchAndExplain(Pointer pointer,
1627	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
1628	if (GetRawPointer(pointer) == nullptr) return false;
1629
1630	*listener << "which points to ";
1631	return MatchPrintAndExplain(*pointer, matcher_, listener);
1632	}
1633
1634	private:
1635	const Matcher<const Pointee&> matcher_;
1636
1637	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
1638	};
1639
1640	const InnerMatcher matcher_;
1641
1642	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PointeeMatcher);
1643	};
1644
1645	#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
1646	// Implements the WhenDynamicCastTo<T>(m) matcher that matches a pointer or
1647	// reference that matches inner_matcher when dynamic_cast<T> is applied.
1648	// The result of dynamic_cast<To> is forwarded to the inner matcher.
1649	// If To is a pointer and the cast fails, the inner matcher will receive NULL.
1650	// If To is a reference and the cast fails, this matcher returns false
1651	// immediately.
1652	template <typename To>
1653	class WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase {
1654	public:
1655	explicit WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase(const Matcher<To>& matcher)
1656	: matcher_(matcher) {}
1657
1658	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
1659	GetCastTypeDescription(os);
1660	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
1661	}
1662
1663	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
1664	GetCastTypeDescription(os);
1665	matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
1666	}
1667
1668	protected:
1669	const Matcher<To> matcher_;
1670
1671	static std::string GetToName() {
1672	return GetTypeName<To>();
1673	}
1674
1675	private:
1676	static void GetCastTypeDescription(::std::ostream* os) {
1677	*os << "when dynamic_cast to " << GetToName() << ", ";
1678	}
1679
1680	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase);
1681	};
1682
1683	// Primary template.
1684	// To is a pointer. Cast and forward the result.
1685	template <typename To>
1686	class WhenDynamicCastToMatcher : public WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase<To> {
1687	public:
1688	explicit WhenDynamicCastToMatcher(const Matcher<To>& matcher)
1689	: WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase<To>(matcher) {}
1690
1691	template <typename From>
1692	bool MatchAndExplain(From from, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
1693	To to = dynamic_cast<To>(from);
1694	return MatchPrintAndExplain(to, this->matcher_, listener);
1695	}
1696	};
1697
1698	// Specialize for references.
1699	// In this case we return false if the dynamic_cast fails.
1700	template <typename To>
1701	class WhenDynamicCastToMatcher<To&> : public WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase<To&> {
1702	public:
1703	explicit WhenDynamicCastToMatcher(const Matcher<To&>& matcher)
1704	: WhenDynamicCastToMatcherBase<To&>(matcher) {}
1705
1706	template <typename From>
1707	bool MatchAndExplain(From& from, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
1708	// We don't want an std::bad_cast here, so do the cast with pointers.
1709	To* to = dynamic_cast<To*>(&from);
1710	if (to == nullptr) {
1711	listener << "which cannot be dynamic_cast to " << this*->GetToName();
1712	return false;
1713	}
1714	return MatchPrintAndExplain(to, this*->matcher_, listener);
1715	}
1716	};
1717	#endif // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
1718
1719	// Implements the Field() matcher for matching a field (i.e. member
1720	// variable) of an object.
1721	template <typename Class, typename FieldType>
1722	class FieldMatcher {
1723	public:
1724	FieldMatcher(FieldType Class::*field,
1725	const Matcher<const FieldType&>& matcher)
1726	: field_(field), matcher_(matcher), whose_field_("whose given field ") {}
1727
1728	FieldMatcher(const std::string& field_name, FieldType Class::*field,
1729	const Matcher<const FieldType&>& matcher)
1730	: field_(field),
1731	matcher_(matcher),
1732	whose_field_("whose field `" + field_name + "` ") {}
1733
1734	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
1735	*os << "is an object " << whose_field_;
1736	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
1737	}
1738
1739	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
1740	*os << "is an object " << whose_field_;
1741	matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
1742	}
1743
1744	template <typename T>
1745	bool MatchAndExplain(const T& value, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
1746	// FIXME: The dispatch on std::is_pointer was introduced as a workaround for
1747	// a compiler bug, and can now be removed.
1748	return MatchAndExplainImpl(
1749	typename std::is_pointer<typename std::remove_const<T>::type>::type(),
1750	value, listener);
1751	}
1752
1753	private:
1754	bool MatchAndExplainImpl(std::false_type / is_not_pointer /,
1755	const Class& obj,
1756	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
1757	*listener << whose_field_ << "is ";
1758	return MatchPrintAndExplain(obj.*field_, matcher_, listener);
1759	}
1760
1761	bool MatchAndExplainImpl(std::true_type / is_pointer /, const Class* p,
1762	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
1763	if (p == nullptr) return false;
1764
1765	*listener << "which points to an object ";
1766	// Since p has a field, it must be a class/struct/union type and*
1767	// thus cannot be a pointer. Therefore we pass false_type() as
1768	// the first argument.
1769	return MatchAndExplainImpl(std::false_type (), *p, listener);
1770	}
1771
1772	const FieldType Class::*field_;
1773	const Matcher<const FieldType&> matcher_;
1774
1775	// Contains either "whose given field " if the name of the field is unknown
1776	// or "whose field `name_of_field` " if the name is known.
1777	const std::string whose_field_;
1778
1779	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(FieldMatcher);
1780	};
1781
1782	// Implements the Property() matcher for matching a property
1783	// (i.e. return value of a getter method) of an object.
1784	//
1785	// Property is a const-qualified member function of Class returning
1786	// PropertyType.
1787	template <typename Class, typename PropertyType, typename Property>
1788	class PropertyMatcher {
1789	public:
1790	typedef const PropertyType& RefToConstProperty;
1791
1792	PropertyMatcher(Property property, const Matcher<RefToConstProperty>& matcher)
1793	: property_(property),
1794	matcher_(matcher),
1795	whose_property_("whose given property ") {}
1796
1797	PropertyMatcher(const std::string& property_name, Property property,
1798	const Matcher<RefToConstProperty>& matcher)
1799	: property_(property),
1800	matcher_(matcher),
1801	whose_property_("whose property `" + property_name + "` ") {}
1802
1803	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
1804	*os << "is an object " << whose_property_;
1805	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
1806	}
1807
1808	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
1809	*os << "is an object " << whose_property_;
1810	matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
1811	}
1812
1813	template <typename T>
1814	bool MatchAndExplain(const T&value, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
1815	return MatchAndExplainImpl(
1816	typename std::is_pointer<typename std::remove_const<T>::type>::type(),
1817	value, listener);
1818	}
1819
1820	private:
1821	bool MatchAndExplainImpl(std::false_type / is_not_pointer /,
1822	const Class& obj,
1823	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
1824	*listener << whose_property_ << "is ";
1825	// Cannot pass the return value (for example, int) to MatchPrintAndExplain,
1826	// which takes a non-const reference as argument.
1827	RefToConstProperty result = (obj.*property_)();
1828	return MatchPrintAndExplain(result, matcher_, listener);
1829	}
1830
1831	bool MatchAndExplainImpl(std::true_type / is_pointer /, const Class* p,
1832	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
1833	if (p == nullptr) return false;
1834
1835	*listener << "which points to an object ";
1836	// Since p has a property method, it must be a class/struct/union*
1837	// type and thus cannot be a pointer. Therefore we pass
1838	// false_type() as the first argument.
1839	return MatchAndExplainImpl(std::false_type (), *p, listener);
1840	}
1841
1842	Property property_;
1843	const Matcher<RefToConstProperty> matcher_;
1844
1845	// Contains either "whose given property " if the name of the property is
1846	// unknown or "whose property `name_of_property` " if the name is known.
1847	const std::string whose_property_;
1848
1849	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PropertyMatcher);
1850	};
1851
1852	// Type traits specifying various features of different functors for ResultOf.
1853	// The default template specifies features for functor objects.
1854	template <typename Functor>
1855	struct CallableTraits {
1856	typedef Functor StorageType;
1857
1858	static void CheckIsValid(Functor / functor /) {}
1859
1860	template <typename T>
1861	static auto Invoke(Functor f, T arg) -> decltype(f(arg)) { return f(arg); }
1862	};
1863
1864	// Specialization for function pointers.
1865	template <typename ArgType, typename ResType>
1866	struct CallableTraits<ResType(*)(ArgType)> {
1867	typedef ResType ResultType;
1868	typedef ResType(*StorageType)(ArgType);
1869
1870	static void CheckIsValid(ResType(*f)(ArgType)) {
1871	GTEST_CHECK_(f != nullptr)
1872	<< "NULL function pointer is passed into ResultOf().";
1873	}
1874	template <typename T>
1875	static ResType Invoke(ResType(*f)(ArgType), T arg) {
1876	return (*f)(arg);
1877	}
1878	};
1879
1880	// Implements the ResultOf() matcher for matching a return value of a
1881	// unary function of an object.
1882	template <typename Callable, typename InnerMatcher>
1883	class ResultOfMatcher {
1884	public:
1885	ResultOfMatcher(Callable callable, InnerMatcher matcher)
1886	: callable_(std::move(callable)), matcher_(std::move(matcher)) {
1887	CallableTraits<Callable>::CheckIsValid(callable_);
1888	}
1889
1890	template <typename T>
1891	operator Matcher<T>() const {
1892	return Matcher<T>(new Impl<T>(callable_, matcher_));
1893	}
1894
1895	private:
1896	typedef typename CallableTraits<Callable>::StorageType CallableStorageType;
1897
1898	template <typename T>
1899	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
1900	using ResultType = decltype(CallableTraits<Callable>::template Invoke<T>(
1901	std::declval<CallableStorageType>(), std::declval<T>()));
1902
1903	public:
1904	template <typename M>
1905	Impl(const CallableStorageType& callable, const M& matcher)
1906	: callable_(callable), matcher_(MatcherCast<ResultType>(matcher)) {}
1907
1908	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1909	*os << "is mapped by the given callable to a value that ";
1910	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
1911	}
1912
1913	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1914	*os << "is mapped by the given callable to a value that ";
1915	matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
1916	}
1917
1918	bool MatchAndExplain(T obj, MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
1919	*listener << "which is mapped by the given callable to ";
1920	// Cannot pass the return value directly to MatchPrintAndExplain, which
1921	// takes a non-const reference as argument.
1922	// Also, specifying template argument explicitly is needed because T could
1923	// be a non-const reference (e.g. Matcher<Uncopyable&>).
1924	ResultType result =
1925	CallableTraits<Callable>::template Invoke<T>(callable_, obj);
1926	return MatchPrintAndExplain(result, matcher_, listener);
1927	}
1928
1929	private:
1930	// Functors often define operator() as non-const method even though
1931	// they are actually stateless. But we need to use them even when
1932	// 'this' is a const pointer. It's the user's responsibility not to
1933	// use stateful callables with ResultOf(), which doesn't guarantee
1934	// how many times the callable will be invoked.
1935	mutable CallableStorageType callable_;
1936	const Matcher<ResultType> matcher_;
1937
1938	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
1939	}; // class Impl
1940
1941	const CallableStorageType callable_;
1942	const InnerMatcher matcher_;
1943
1944	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ResultOfMatcher);
1945	};
1946
1947	// Implements a matcher that checks the size of an STL-style container.
1948	template <typename SizeMatcher>
1949	class SizeIsMatcher {
1950	public:
1951	explicit SizeIsMatcher(const SizeMatcher& size_matcher)
1952	: size_matcher_(size_matcher) {
1953	}
1954
1955	template <typename Container>
1956	operator Matcher<Container>() const {
1957	return Matcher<Container>(new Impl<const Container&>(size_matcher_));
1958	}
1959
1960	template <typename Container>
1961	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Container> {
1962	public:
1963	using SizeType = decltype(std::declval<Container>().size());
1964	explicit Impl(const SizeMatcher& size_matcher)
1965	: size_matcher_(MatcherCast<SizeType>(size_matcher)) {}
1966
1967	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1968	*os << "size ";
1969	size_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
1970	}
1971	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
1972	*os << "size ";
1973	size_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
1974	}
1975
1976	bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
1977	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
1978	SizeType size = container.size();
1979	StringMatchResultListener size_listener;
1980	const bool result = size_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(size, &size_listener);
1981	*listener
1982	<< "whose size " << size << (result ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
1983	PrintIfNotEmpty(size_listener.str(), listener->stream());
1984	return result;
1985	}
1986
1987	private:
1988	const Matcher<SizeType> size_matcher_;
1989	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
1990	};
1991
1992	private:
1993	const SizeMatcher size_matcher_;
1994	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(SizeIsMatcher);
1995	};
1996
1997	// Implements a matcher that checks the begin()..end() distance of an STL-style
1998	// container.
1999	template <typename DistanceMatcher>
2000	class BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher {
2001	public:
2002	explicit BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher(const DistanceMatcher& distance_matcher)
2003	: distance_matcher_(distance_matcher) {}
2004
2005	template <typename Container>
2006	operator Matcher<Container>() const {
2007	return Matcher<Container>(new Impl<const Container&>(distance_matcher_));
2008	}
2009
2010	template <typename Container>
2011	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Container> {
2012	public:
2013	typedef internal::StlContainerView<
2014	GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container)> ContainerView;
2015	typedef typename std::iterator_traits<
2016	typename ContainerView::type::const_iterator>::difference_type
2017	DistanceType;
2018	explicit Impl(const DistanceMatcher& distance_matcher)
2019	: distance_matcher_(MatcherCast<DistanceType>(distance_matcher)) {}
2020
2021	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2022	*os << "distance between begin() and end() ";
2023	distance_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2024	}
2025	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2026	*os << "distance between begin() and end() ";
2027	distance_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
2028	}
2029
2030	bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
2031	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2032	using std::begin;
2033	using std::end;
2034	DistanceType distance = std::distance(begin(container), end(container));
2035	StringMatchResultListener distance_listener;
2036	const bool result =
2037	distance_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(distance, &distance_listener);
2038	*listener << "whose distance between begin() and end() " << distance
2039	<< (result ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
2040	PrintIfNotEmpty(distance_listener.str(), listener->stream());
2041	return result;
2042	}
2043
2044	private:
2045	const Matcher<DistanceType> distance_matcher_;
2046	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
2047	};
2048
2049	private:
2050	const DistanceMatcher distance_matcher_;
2051	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher);
2052	};
2053
2054	// Implements an equality matcher for any STL-style container whose elements
2055	// support ==. This matcher is like Eq(), but its failure explanations provide
2056	// more detailed information that is useful when the container is used as a set.
2057	// The failure message reports elements that are in one of the operands but not
2058	// the other. The failure messages do not report duplicate or out-of-order
2059	// elements in the containers (which don't properly matter to sets, but can
2060	// occur if the containers are vectors or lists, for example).
2061	//
2062	// Uses the container's const_iterator, value_type, operator ==,
2063	// begin(), and end().
2064	template <typename Container>
2065	class ContainerEqMatcher {
2066	public:
2067	typedef internal::StlContainerView<Container> View;
2068	typedef typename View::type StlContainer;
2069	typedef typename View::const_reference StlContainerReference;
2070
2071	static_assert(!std::is_const<Container>::value,
2072	"Container type must not be const");
2073	static_assert(!std::is_reference<Container>::value,
2074	"Container type must not be a reference");
2075
2076	// We make a copy of expected in case the elements in it are modified
2077	// after this matcher is created.
2078	explicit ContainerEqMatcher(const Container& expected)
2079	: expected_(View::Copy(expected)) {}
2080
2081	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
2082	*os << "equals ";
2083	UniversalPrint(expected_, os);
2084	}
2085	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
2086	*os << "does not equal ";
2087	UniversalPrint(expected_, os);
2088	}
2089
2090	template <typename LhsContainer>
2091	bool MatchAndExplain(const LhsContainer& lhs,
2092	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
2093	typedef internal::StlContainerView<
2094	typename std::remove_const<LhsContainer>::type>
2095	LhsView;
2096	typedef typename LhsView::type LhsStlContainer;
2097	StlContainerReference lhs_stl_container = LhsView::ConstReference(lhs);
2098	if (lhs_stl_container == expected_)
2099	return true;
2100
2101	::std::ostream* const os = listener->stream();
2102	if (os != nullptr) {
2103	// Something is different. Check for extra values first.
2104	bool printed_header = false;
2105	for (typename LhsStlContainer::const_iterator it =
2106	lhs_stl_container.begin();
2107	it != lhs_stl_container.end(); ++it) {
2108	if (internal::ArrayAwareFind(expected_.begin(), expected_.end(), *it) ==
2109	expected_.end()) {
2110	if (printed_header) {
2111	*os << ", ";
2112	} else {
2113	*os << "which has these unexpected elements: ";
2114	printed_header = true;
2115	}
2116	UniversalPrint(*it, os);
2117	}
2118	}
2119
2120	// Now check for missing values.
2121	bool printed_header2 = false;
2122	for (typename StlContainer::const_iterator it = expected_.begin();
2123	it != expected_.end(); ++it) {
2124	if (internal::ArrayAwareFind(
2125	lhs_stl_container.begin(), lhs_stl_container.end(), *it) ==
2126	lhs_stl_container.end()) {
2127	if (printed_header2) {
2128	*os << ", ";
2129	} else {
2130	*os << (printed_header ? ",\nand" : "which")
2131	<< " doesn't have these expected elements: ";
2132	printed_header2 = true;
2133	}
2134	UniversalPrint(*it, os);
2135	}
2136	}
2137	}
2138
2139	return false;
2140	}
2141
2142	private:
2143	const StlContainer expected_;
2144
2145	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ContainerEqMatcher);
2146	};
2147
2148	// A comparator functor that uses the < operator to compare two values.
2149	struct LessComparator {
2150	template <typename T, typename U>
2151	bool operator()(const T& lhs, const U& rhs) const { return lhs < rhs; }
2152	};
2153
2154	// Implements WhenSortedBy(comparator, container_matcher).
2155	template <typename Comparator, typename ContainerMatcher>
2156	class WhenSortedByMatcher {
2157	public:
2158	WhenSortedByMatcher(const Comparator& comparator,
2159	const ContainerMatcher& matcher)
2160	: comparator_(comparator), matcher_(matcher) {}
2161
2162	template <typename LhsContainer>
2163	operator Matcher<LhsContainer>() const {
2164	return MakeMatcher(new Impl<LhsContainer>(comparator_, matcher_));
2165	}
2166
2167	template <typename LhsContainer>
2168	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<LhsContainer> {
2169	public:
2170	typedef internal::StlContainerView<
2171	GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(LhsContainer)> LhsView;
2172	typedef typename LhsView::type LhsStlContainer;
2173	typedef typename LhsView::const_reference LhsStlContainerReference;
2174	// Transforms std::pair<const Key, Value> into std::pair<Key, Value>
2175	// so that we can match associative containers.
2176	typedef typename RemoveConstFromKey<
2177	typename LhsStlContainer::value_type>::type LhsValue;
2178
2179	Impl(const Comparator& comparator, const ContainerMatcher& matcher)
2180	: comparator_(comparator), matcher_(matcher) {}
2181
2182	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2183	*os << "(when sorted) ";
2184	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2185	}
2186
2187	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2188	*os << "(when sorted) ";
2189	matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
2190	}
2191
2192	bool MatchAndExplain(LhsContainer lhs,
2193	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2194	LhsStlContainerReference lhs_stl_container = LhsView::ConstReference(lhs);
2195	::std::vector<LhsValue> sorted_container(lhs_stl_container.begin(),
2196	lhs_stl_container.end());
2197	::std::sort(
2198	sorted_container.begin(), sorted_container.end(), comparator_);
2199
2200	if (!listener->IsInterested()) {
2201	// If the listener is not interested, we do not need to
2202	// construct the inner explanation.
2203	return matcher_.Matches(sorted_container);
2204	}
2205
2206	*listener << "which is ";
2207	UniversalPrint(sorted_container, listener->stream());
2208	*listener << " when sorted";
2209
2210	StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
2211	const bool match = matcher_.MatchAndExplain(sorted_container,
2212	&inner_listener);
2213	PrintIfNotEmpty(inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
2214	return match;
2215	}
2216
2217	private:
2218	const Comparator comparator_;
2219	const Matcher<const ::std::vector<LhsValue>&> matcher_;
2220
2221	GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Impl);
2222	};
2223
2224	private:
2225	const Comparator comparator_;
2226	const ContainerMatcher matcher_;
2227
2228	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(WhenSortedByMatcher);
2229	};
2230
2231	// Implements Pointwise(tuple_matcher, rhs_container). tuple_matcher
2232	// must be able to be safely cast to Matcher<std::tuple<const T1&, const
2233	// T2&> >, where T1 and T2 are the types of elements in the LHS
2234	// container and the RHS container respectively.
2235	template <typename TupleMatcher, typename RhsContainer>
2236	class PointwiseMatcher {
2237	GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
2238	!IsHashTable<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(RhsContainer)>::value,
2239	use_UnorderedPointwise_with_hash_tables);
2240
2241	public:
2242	typedef internal::StlContainerView<RhsContainer> RhsView;
2243	typedef typename RhsView::type RhsStlContainer;
2244	typedef typename RhsStlContainer::value_type RhsValue;
2245
2246	static_assert(!std::is_const<RhsContainer>::value,
2247	"RhsContainer type must not be const");
2248	static_assert(!std::is_reference<RhsContainer>::value,
2249	"RhsContainer type must not be a reference");
2250
2251	// Like ContainerEq, we make a copy of rhs in case the elements in
2252	// it are modified after this matcher is created.
2253	PointwiseMatcher(const TupleMatcher& tuple_matcher, const RhsContainer& rhs)
2254	: tuple_matcher_(tuple_matcher), rhs_(RhsView::Copy(rhs)) {}
2255
2256	template <typename LhsContainer>
2257	operator Matcher<LhsContainer>() const {
2258	GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
2259	!IsHashTable<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(LhsContainer)>::value,
2260	use_UnorderedPointwise_with_hash_tables);
2261
2262	return Matcher<LhsContainer>(
2263	new Impl<const LhsContainer&>(tuple_matcher_, rhs_));
2264	}
2265
2266	template <typename LhsContainer>
2267	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<LhsContainer> {
2268	public:
2269	typedef internal::StlContainerView<
2270	GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(LhsContainer)> LhsView;
2271	typedef typename LhsView::type LhsStlContainer;
2272	typedef typename LhsView::const_reference LhsStlContainerReference;
2273	typedef typename LhsStlContainer::value_type LhsValue;
2274	// We pass the LHS value and the RHS value to the inner matcher by
2275	// reference, as they may be expensive to copy. We must use tuple
2276	// instead of pair here, as a pair cannot hold references (C++ 98,
2277	// 20.2.2 [lib.pairs]).
2278	typedef ::std::tuple<const LhsValue&, const RhsValue&> InnerMatcherArg;
2279
2280	Impl(const TupleMatcher& tuple_matcher, const RhsStlContainer& rhs)
2281	// mono_tuple_matcher_ holds a monomorphic version of the tuple matcher.
2282	: mono_tuple_matcher_(SafeMatcherCast<InnerMatcherArg>(tuple_matcher)),
2283	rhs_(rhs) {}
2284
2285	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2286	*os << "contains " << rhs_.size()
2287	<< " values, where each value and its corresponding value in ";
2288	UniversalPrinter<RhsStlContainer>::Print(rhs_, os);
2289	*os << " ";
2290	mono_tuple_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2291	}
2292	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2293	*os << "doesn't contain exactly " << rhs_.size()
2294	<< " values, or contains a value x at some index i"
2295	<< " where x and the i-th value of ";
2296	UniversalPrint(rhs_, os);
2297	*os << " ";
2298	mono_tuple_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
2299	}
2300
2301	bool MatchAndExplain(LhsContainer lhs,
2302	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2303	LhsStlContainerReference lhs_stl_container = LhsView::ConstReference(lhs);
2304	const size_t actual_size = lhs_stl_container.size();
2305	if (actual_size != rhs_.size()) {
2306	*listener << "which contains " << actual_size << " values";
2307	return false;
2308	}
2309
2310	typename LhsStlContainer::const_iterator left = lhs_stl_container.begin();
2311	typename RhsStlContainer::const_iterator right = rhs_.begin();
2312	for (size_t i = `0`; i != actual_size; ++i, ++left, ++right) {
2313	if (listener->IsInterested()) {
2314	StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
2315	// Create InnerMatcherArg as a temporarily object to avoid it outlives
2316	// left and right. Dereference or the conversion to `const T&` may
2317	// return temp objects, e.g for vector<bool>.
2318	if (!mono_tuple_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(
2319	InnerMatcherArg(ImplicitCast_<const LhsValue&>(*left),
2320	ImplicitCast_<const RhsValue&>(*right)),
2321	&inner_listener)) {
2322	*listener << "where the value pair (";
2323	UniversalPrint(*left, listener->stream());
2324	*listener << ", ";
2325	UniversalPrint(*right, listener->stream());
2326	*listener << ") at index #" << i << " don't match";
2327	PrintIfNotEmpty(inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
2328	return false;
2329	}
2330	} else {
2331	if (!mono_tuple_matcher_.Matches(
2332	InnerMatcherArg(ImplicitCast_<const LhsValue&>(*left),
2333	ImplicitCast_<const RhsValue&>(*right))))
2334	return false;
2335	}
2336	}
2337
2338	return true;
2339	}
2340
2341	private:
2342	const Matcher<InnerMatcherArg> mono_tuple_matcher_;
2343	const RhsStlContainer rhs_;
2344
2345	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
2346	};
2347
2348	private:
2349	const TupleMatcher tuple_matcher_;
2350	const RhsStlContainer rhs_;
2351
2352	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PointwiseMatcher);
2353	};
2354
2355	// Holds the logic common to ContainsMatcherImpl and EachMatcherImpl.
2356	template <typename Container>
2357	class QuantifierMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<Container> {
2358	public:
2359	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
2360	typedef StlContainerView<RawContainer> View;
2361	typedef typename View::type StlContainer;
2362	typedef typename View::const_reference StlContainerReference;
2363	typedef typename StlContainer::value_type Element;
2364
2365	template <typename InnerMatcher>
2366	explicit QuantifierMatcherImpl(InnerMatcher inner_matcher)
2367	: inner_matcher_(
2368	testing::SafeMatcherCast<const Element&>(inner_matcher)) {}
2369
2370	// Checks whether:
2371	// All elements in the container match, if all_elements_should_match.*
2372	// Any element in the container matches, if !all_elements_should_match.*
2373	bool MatchAndExplainImpl(bool all_elements_should_match,
2374	Container container,
2375	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
2376	StlContainerReference stl_container = View::ConstReference(container);
2377	size_t i = `0`;
2378	for (typename StlContainer::const_iterator it = stl_container.begin();
2379	it != stl_container.end(); ++it, ++i) {
2380	StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
2381	const bool matches = inner_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(*it, &inner_listener);
2382
2383	if (matches != all_elements_should_match) {
2384	*listener << "whose element #" << i
2385	<< (matches ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
2386	PrintIfNotEmpty(inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
2387	return !all_elements_should_match;
2388	}
2389	}
2390	return all_elements_should_match;
2391	}
2392
2393	protected:
2394	const Matcher<const Element&> inner_matcher_;
2395
2396	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(QuantifierMatcherImpl);
2397	};
2398
2399	// Implements Contains(element_matcher) for the given argument type Container.
2400	// Symmetric to EachMatcherImpl.
2401	template <typename Container>
2402	class ContainsMatcherImpl : public QuantifierMatcherImpl<Container> {
2403	public:
2404	template <typename InnerMatcher>
2405	explicit ContainsMatcherImpl(InnerMatcher inner_matcher)
2406	: QuantifierMatcherImpl<Container>(inner_matcher) {}
2407
2408	// Describes what this matcher does.
2409	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2410	*os << "contains at least one element that ";
2411	this->inner_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2412	}
2413
2414	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2415	*os << "doesn't contain any element that ";
2416	this->inner_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2417	}
2418
2419	bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
2420	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2421	return this->MatchAndExplainImpl(false, container, listener);
2422	}
2423
2424	private:
2425	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ContainsMatcherImpl);
2426	};
2427
2428	// Implements Each(element_matcher) for the given argument type Container.
2429	// Symmetric to ContainsMatcherImpl.
2430	template <typename Container>
2431	class EachMatcherImpl : public QuantifierMatcherImpl<Container> {
2432	public:
2433	template <typename InnerMatcher>
2434	explicit EachMatcherImpl(InnerMatcher inner_matcher)
2435	: QuantifierMatcherImpl<Container>(inner_matcher) {}
2436
2437	// Describes what this matcher does.
2438	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2439	*os << "only contains elements that ";
2440	this->inner_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2441	}
2442
2443	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2444	*os << "contains some element that ";
2445	this->inner_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
2446	}
2447
2448	bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
2449	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2450	return this->MatchAndExplainImpl(true, container, listener);
2451	}
2452
2453	private:
2454	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(EachMatcherImpl);
2455	};
2456
2457	// Implements polymorphic Contains(element_matcher).
2458	template <typename M>
2459	class ContainsMatcher {
2460	public:
2461	explicit ContainsMatcher(M m) : inner_matcher_(m) {}
2462
2463	template <typename Container>
2464	operator Matcher<Container>() const {
2465	return Matcher<Container>(
2466	new ContainsMatcherImpl<const Container&>(inner_matcher_));
2467	}
2468
2469	private:
2470	const M inner_matcher_;
2471
2472	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ContainsMatcher);
2473	};
2474
2475	// Implements polymorphic Each(element_matcher).
2476	template <typename M>
2477	class EachMatcher {
2478	public:
2479	explicit EachMatcher(M m) : inner_matcher_(m) {}
2480
2481	template <typename Container>
2482	operator Matcher<Container>() const {
2483	return Matcher<Container>(
2484	new EachMatcherImpl<const Container&>(inner_matcher_));
2485	}
2486
2487	private:
2488	const M inner_matcher_;
2489
2490	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(EachMatcher);
2491	};
2492
2493	struct Rank1 {};
2494	struct Rank0 : Rank1 {};
2495
2496	namespace pair_getters {
2497	using std::get;
2498	template <typename T>
2499	auto First(T& x, Rank1) -> decltype(get<`0`>(x)) { // NOLINT
2500	return get<`0`>(x);
2501	}
2502	template <typename T>
2503	auto First(T& x, Rank0) -> decltype((x.first)) { // NOLINT
2504	return x.first;
2505	}
2506
2507	template <typename T>
2508	auto Second(T& x, Rank1) -> decltype(get<`1`>(x)) { // NOLINT
2509	return get<`1`>(x);
2510	}
2511	template <typename T>
2512	auto Second(T& x, Rank0) -> decltype((x.second)) { // NOLINT
2513	return x.second;
2514	}
2515	} // namespace pair_getters
2516
2517	// Implements Key(inner_matcher) for the given argument pair type.
2518	// Key(inner_matcher) matches an std::pair whose 'first' field matches
2519	// inner_matcher. For example, Contains(Key(Ge(5))) can be used to match an
2520	// std::map that contains at least one element whose key is >= 5.
2521	template <typename PairType>
2522	class KeyMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<PairType> {
2523	public:
2524	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(PairType) RawPairType;
2525	typedef typename RawPairType::first_type KeyType;
2526
2527	template <typename InnerMatcher>
2528	explicit KeyMatcherImpl(InnerMatcher inner_matcher)
2529	: inner_matcher_(
2530	testing::SafeMatcherCast<const KeyType&>(inner_matcher)) {
2531	}
2532
2533	// Returns true if and only if 'key_value.first' (the key) matches the inner
2534	// matcher.
2535	bool MatchAndExplain(PairType key_value,
2536	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2537	StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
2538	const bool match = inner_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(
2539	pair_getters::First(key_value, Rank0 ()), &inner_listener);
2540	const std::string explanation = inner_listener.str();
2541	if (explanation != "") {
2542	*listener << "whose first field is a value " << explanation;
2543	}
2544	return match;
2545	}
2546
2547	// Describes what this matcher does.
2548	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2549	*os << "has a key that ";
2550	inner_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2551	}
2552
2553	// Describes what the negation of this matcher does.
2554	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2555	*os << "doesn't have a key that ";
2556	inner_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2557	}
2558
2559	private:
2560	const Matcher<const KeyType&> inner_matcher_;
2561
2562	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(KeyMatcherImpl);
2563	};
2564
2565	// Implements polymorphic Key(matcher_for_key).
2566	template <typename M>
2567	class KeyMatcher {
2568	public:
2569	explicit KeyMatcher(M m) : matcher_for_key_(m) {}
2570
2571	template <typename PairType>
2572	operator Matcher<PairType>() const {
2573	return Matcher<PairType>(
2574	new KeyMatcherImpl<const PairType&>(matcher_for_key_));
2575	}
2576
2577	private:
2578	const M matcher_for_key_;
2579
2580	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(KeyMatcher);
2581	};
2582
2583	// Implements Pair(first_matcher, second_matcher) for the given argument pair
2584	// type with its two matchers. See Pair() function below.
2585	template <typename PairType>
2586	class PairMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<PairType> {
2587	public:
2588	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(PairType) RawPairType;
2589	typedef typename RawPairType::first_type FirstType;
2590	typedef typename RawPairType::second_type SecondType;
2591
2592	template <typename FirstMatcher, typename SecondMatcher>
2593	PairMatcherImpl(FirstMatcher first_matcher, SecondMatcher second_matcher)
2594	: first_matcher_(
2595	testing::SafeMatcherCast<const FirstType&>(first_matcher)),
2596	second_matcher_(
2597	testing::SafeMatcherCast<const SecondType&>(second_matcher)) {
2598	}
2599
2600	// Describes what this matcher does.
2601	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2602	*os << "has a first field that ";
2603	first_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2604	*os << ", and has a second field that ";
2605	second_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
2606	}
2607
2608	// Describes what the negation of this matcher does.
2609	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2610	*os << "has a first field that ";
2611	first_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
2612	*os << ", or has a second field that ";
2613	second_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
2614	}
2615
2616	// Returns true if and only if 'a_pair.first' matches first_matcher and
2617	// 'a_pair.second' matches second_matcher.
2618	bool MatchAndExplain(PairType a_pair,
2619	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2620	if (!listener->IsInterested()) {
2621	// If the listener is not interested, we don't need to construct the
2622	// explanation.
2623	return first_matcher_.Matches(pair_getters::First(a_pair, Rank0 ())) &&
2624	second_matcher_.Matches(pair_getters::Second(a_pair, Rank0 ()));
2625	}
2626	StringMatchResultListener first_inner_listener;
2627	if (!first_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(pair_getters::First(a_pair, Rank0 ()),
2628	&first_inner_listener)) {
2629	*listener << "whose first field does not match";
2630	PrintIfNotEmpty(first_inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
2631	return false;
2632	}
2633	StringMatchResultListener second_inner_listener;
2634	if (!second_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(pair_getters::Second(a_pair, Rank0 ()),
2635	&second_inner_listener)) {
2636	*listener << "whose second field does not match";
2637	PrintIfNotEmpty(second_inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
2638	return false;
2639	}
2640	ExplainSuccess(first_inner_listener.str(), second_inner_listener.str(),
2641	listener);
2642	return true;
2643	}
2644
2645	private:
2646	void ExplainSuccess(const std::string& first_explanation,
2647	const std::string& second_explanation,
2648	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
2649	*listener << "whose both fields match";
2650	if (first_explanation != "") {
2651	*listener << ", where the first field is a value " << first_explanation;
2652	}
2653	if (second_explanation != "") {
2654	*listener << ", ";
2655	if (first_explanation != "") {
2656	*listener << "and ";
2657	} else {
2658	*listener << "where ";
2659	}
2660	*listener << "the second field is a value " << second_explanation;
2661	}
2662	}
2663
2664	const Matcher<const FirstType&> first_matcher_;
2665	const Matcher<const SecondType&> second_matcher_;
2666
2667	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PairMatcherImpl);
2668	};
2669
2670	// Implements polymorphic Pair(first_matcher, second_matcher).
2671	template <typename FirstMatcher, typename SecondMatcher>
2672	class PairMatcher {
2673	public:
2674	PairMatcher(FirstMatcher first_matcher, SecondMatcher second_matcher)
2675	: first_matcher_(first_matcher), second_matcher_(second_matcher) {}
2676
2677	template <typename PairType>
2678	operator Matcher<PairType> () const {
2679	return Matcher<PairType>(
2680	new PairMatcherImpl<const PairType&>(first_matcher_, second_matcher_));
2681	}
2682
2683	private:
2684	const FirstMatcher first_matcher_;
2685	const SecondMatcher second_matcher_;
2686
2687	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PairMatcher);
2688	};
2689
2690	// Implements ElementsAre() and ElementsAreArray().
2691	template <typename Container>
2692	class ElementsAreMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<Container> {
2693	public:
2694	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
2695	typedef internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer> View;
2696	typedef typename View::type StlContainer;
2697	typedef typename View::const_reference StlContainerReference;
2698	typedef typename StlContainer::value_type Element;
2699
2700	// Constructs the matcher from a sequence of element values or
2701	// element matchers.
2702	template <typename InputIter>
2703	ElementsAreMatcherImpl(InputIter first, InputIter last) {
2704	while (first != last) {
2705	matchers_.push_back(MatcherCast<const Element&>(*first++));
2706	}
2707	}
2708
2709	// Describes what this matcher does.
2710	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2711	if (count() == `0`) {
2712	*os << "is empty";
2713	} else if (count() == `1`) {
2714	*os << "has 1 element that ";
2715	matchers_[`0`].DescribeTo(os);
2716	} else {
2717	*os << "has " << Elements(count()) << " where\n";
2718	for (size_t i = `0`; i != count(); ++i) {
2719	*os << "element #" << i << " ";
2720	matchers_[i].DescribeTo(os);
2721	if (i + `1` < count()) {
2722	*os << ",\n";
2723	}
2724	}
2725	}
2726	}
2727
2728	// Describes what the negation of this matcher does.
2729	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2730	if (count() == `0`) {
2731	*os << "isn't empty";
2732	return;
2733	}
2734
2735	*os << "doesn't have " << Elements(count()) << ", or\n";
2736	for (size_t i = `0`; i != count(); ++i) {
2737	*os << "element #" << i << " ";
2738	matchers_[i].DescribeNegationTo(os);
2739	if (i + `1` < count()) {
2740	*os << ", or\n";
2741	}
2742	}
2743	}
2744
2745	bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
2746	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2747	// To work with stream-like "containers", we must only walk
2748	// through the elements in one pass.
2749
2750	const bool listener_interested = listener->IsInterested();
2751
2752	// explanations[i] is the explanation of the element at index i.
2753	::std::vector<std::string> explanations(count());
2754	StlContainerReference stl_container = View::ConstReference(container);
2755	typename StlContainer::const_iterator it = stl_container.begin();
2756	size_t exam_pos = `0`;
2757	bool mismatch_found = false; // Have we found a mismatched element yet?
2758
2759	// Go through the elements and matchers in pairs, until we reach
2760	// the end of either the elements or the matchers, or until we find a
2761	// mismatch.
2762	for (; it != stl_container.end() && exam_pos != count(); ++it, ++exam_pos) {
2763	bool match; // Does the current element match the current matcher?
2764	if (listener_interested) {
2765	StringMatchResultListener s;
2766	match = matchers_[exam_pos].MatchAndExplain(*it, &s);
2767	explanations [exam_pos] = s.str();
2768	} else {
2769	match = matchers_[exam_pos].Matches(*it);
2770	}
2771
2772	if (!match) {
2773	mismatch_found = true;
2774	break;
2775	}
2776	}
2777	// If mismatch_found is true, 'exam_pos' is the index of the mismatch.
2778
2779	// Find how many elements the actual container has. We avoid
2780	// calling size() s.t. this code works for stream-like "containers"
2781	// that don't define size().
2782	size_t actual_count = exam_pos;
2783	for (; it != stl_container.end(); ++it) {
2784	++actual_count;
2785	}
2786
2787	if (actual_count != count()) {
2788	// The element count doesn't match. If the container is empty,
2789	// there's no need to explain anything as Google Mock already
2790	// prints the empty container. Otherwise we just need to show
2791	// how many elements there actually are.
2792	if (listener_interested && (actual_count != `0`)) {
2793	*listener << "which has " << Elements(actual_count);
2794	}
2795	return false;
2796	}
2797
2798	if (mismatch_found) {
2799	// The element count matches, but the exam_pos-th element doesn't match.
2800	if (listener_interested) {
2801	*listener << "whose element #" << exam_pos << " doesn't match";
2802	PrintIfNotEmpty(explanations [exam_pos], listener->stream());
2803	}
2804	return false;
2805	}
2806
2807	// Every element matches its expectation. We need to explain why
2808	// (the obvious ones can be skipped).
2809	if (listener_interested) {
2810	bool reason_printed = false;
2811	for (size_t i = `0`; i != count(); ++i) {
2812	const std::string& s = explanations [i];
2813	if (!s.empty()) {
2814	if (reason_printed) {
2815	*listener << ",\nand ";
2816	}
2817	*listener << "whose element #" << i << " matches, " << s;
2818	reason_printed = true;
2819	}
2820	}
2821	}
2822	return true;
2823	}
2824
2825	private:
2826	static Message Elements(size_t count) {
2827	return Message () << count << (count == `1` ? " element" : " elements");
2828	}
2829
2830	size_t count() const { return matchers_.size(); }
2831
2832	::std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > matchers_;
2833
2834	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcherImpl);
2835	};
2836
2837	// Connectivity matrix of (elements X matchers), in element-major order.
2838	// Initially, there are no edges.
2839	// Use NextGraph() to iterate over all possible edge configurations.
2840	// Use Randomize() to generate a random edge configuration.
2841	class GTEST_API_ MatchMatrix {
2842	public:
2843	MatchMatrix(size_t num_elements, size_t num_matchers)
2844	: num_elements_(num_elements),
2845	num_matchers_(num_matchers),
2846	matched_(num_elements_* num_matchers_, `0`) {
2847	}
2848
2849	size_t LhsSize() const { return num_elements_; }
2850	size_t RhsSize() const { return num_matchers_; }
2851	bool HasEdge(size_t ilhs, size_t irhs) const {
2852	return matched_[SpaceIndex(ilhs, irhs)] == `1`;
2853	}
2854	void SetEdge(size_t ilhs, size_t irhs, bool b) {
2855	matched_[SpaceIndex(ilhs, irhs)] = b ? `1` : `0`;
2856	}
2857
2858	// Treating the connectivity matrix as a (LhsSize()RhsSize())-bit number,*
2859	// adds 1 to that number; returns false if incrementing the graph left it
2860	// empty.
2861	bool NextGraph();
2862
2863	void Randomize();
2864
2865	std::string DebugString() const;
2866
2867	private:
2868	size_t SpaceIndex(size_t ilhs, size_t irhs) const {
2869	return ilhs * num_matchers_ + irhs;
2870	}
2871
2872	size_t num_elements_;
2873	size_t num_matchers_;
2874
2875	// Each element is a char interpreted as bool. They are stored as a
2876	// flattened array in lhs-major order, use 'SpaceIndex()' to translate
2877	// a (ilhs, irhs) matrix coordinate into an offset.
2878	::std::vector<char> matched_;
2879	};
2880
2881	typedef ::std::pair<size_t, size_t> ElementMatcherPair;
2882	typedef ::std::vector<ElementMatcherPair> ElementMatcherPairs;
2883
2884	// Returns a maximum bipartite matching for the specified graph 'g'.
2885	// The matching is represented as a vector of {element, matcher} pairs.
2886	GTEST_API_ ElementMatcherPairs
2887	FindMaxBipartiteMatching(const MatchMatrix& g);
2888
2889	struct UnorderedMatcherRequire {
2890	enum Flags {
2891	Superset = `1` << `0`,
2892	Subset = `1` << `1`,
2893	ExactMatch = Superset \| Subset,
2894	};
2895	};
2896
2897	// Untyped base class for implementing UnorderedElementsAre. By
2898	// putting logic that's not specific to the element type here, we
2899	// reduce binary bloat and increase compilation speed.
2900	class GTEST_API_ UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase {
2901	protected:
2902	explicit UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase(
2903	UnorderedMatcherRequire::Flags matcher_flags)
2904	: match_flags_(matcher_flags) {}
2905
2906	// A vector of matcher describers, one for each element matcher.
2907	// Does not own the describers (and thus can be used only when the
2908	// element matchers are alive).
2909	typedef ::std::vector<const MatcherDescriberInterface*> MatcherDescriberVec;
2910
2911	// Describes this UnorderedElementsAre matcher.
2912	void DescribeToImpl(::std::ostream* os) const;
2913
2914	// Describes the negation of this UnorderedElementsAre matcher.
2915	void DescribeNegationToImpl(::std::ostream* os) const;
2916
2917	bool VerifyMatchMatrix(const ::std::vector<std::string>& element_printouts,
2918	const MatchMatrix& matrix,
2919	MatchResultListener* listener) const;
2920
2921	bool FindPairing(const MatchMatrix& matrix,
2922	MatchResultListener* listener) const;
2923
2924	MatcherDescriberVec& matcher_describers() {
2925	return matcher_describers_;
2926	}
2927
2928	static Message Elements(size_t n) {
2929	return Message () << n << " element" << (n == `1` ? "" : "s");
2930	}
2931
2932	UnorderedMatcherRequire::Flags match_flags() const { return match_flags_; }
2933
2934	private:
2935	UnorderedMatcherRequire::Flags match_flags_;
2936	MatcherDescriberVec matcher_describers_;
2937
2938	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase);
2939	};
2940
2941	// Implements UnorderedElementsAre, UnorderedElementsAreArray, IsSubsetOf, and
2942	// IsSupersetOf.
2943	template <typename Container>
2944	class UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl
2945	: public MatcherInterface<Container>,
2946	public UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase {
2947	public:
2948	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
2949	typedef internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer> View;
2950	typedef typename View::type StlContainer;
2951	typedef typename View::const_reference StlContainerReference;
2952	typedef typename StlContainer::const_iterator StlContainerConstIterator;
2953	typedef typename StlContainer::value_type Element;
2954
2955	template <typename InputIter>
2956	UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl(UnorderedMatcherRequire::Flags matcher_flags,
2957	InputIter first, InputIter last)
2958	: UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase(matcher_flags) {
2959	for (; first != last; ++first) {
2960	matchers_.push_back(MatcherCast<const Element&>(*first));
2961	matcher_describers().push_back(matchers_.back().GetDescriber());
2962	}
2963	}
2964
2965	// Describes what this matcher does.
2966	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2967	return UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase::DescribeToImpl(os);
2968	}
2969
2970	// Describes what the negation of this matcher does.
2971	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
2972	return UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImplBase::DescribeNegationToImpl(os);
2973	}
2974
2975	bool MatchAndExplain(Container container,
2976	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
2977	StlContainerReference stl_container = View::ConstReference(container);
2978	::std::vector<std::string> element_printouts;
2979	MatchMatrix matrix =
2980	AnalyzeElements(stl_container.begin(), stl_container.end(),
2981	&element_printouts, listener);
2982
2983	if (matrix.LhsSize() == `0` && matrix.RhsSize() == `0`) {
2984	return true;
2985	}
2986
2987	if (match_flags() == UnorderedMatcherRequire::ExactMatch) {
2988	if (matrix.LhsSize() != matrix.RhsSize()) {
2989	// The element count doesn't match. If the container is empty,
2990	// there's no need to explain anything as Google Mock already
2991	// prints the empty container. Otherwise we just need to show
2992	// how many elements there actually are.
2993	if (matrix.LhsSize() != `0` && listener->IsInterested()) {
2994	*listener << "which has " << Elements(matrix.LhsSize());
2995	}
2996	return false;
2997	}
2998	}
2999
3000	return VerifyMatchMatrix(element_printouts, matrix, listener) &&
3001	FindPairing(matrix, listener);
3002	}
3003
3004	private:
3005	template <typename ElementIter>
3006	MatchMatrix AnalyzeElements(ElementIter elem_first, ElementIter elem_last,
3007	::std::vector<std::string>* element_printouts,
3008	MatchResultListener* listener) const {
3009	element_printouts->clear();
3010	::std::vector<char> did_match;
3011	size_t num_elements = `0`;
3012	for (; elem_first != elem_last; ++num_elements, ++elem_first) {
3013	if (listener->IsInterested()) {
3014	element_printouts->push_back(PrintToString(*elem_first));
3015	}
3016	for (size_t irhs = `0`; irhs != matchers_.size(); ++irhs) {
3017	did_match.push_back(Matches(matchers_[irhs])(*elem_first));
3018	}
3019	}
3020
3021	MatchMatrix matrix(num_elements, matchers_.size());
3022	::std::vector<char>::const_iterator did_match_iter = did_match.begin();
3023	for (size_t ilhs = `0`; ilhs != num_elements; ++ilhs) {
3024	for (size_t irhs = `0`; irhs != matchers_.size(); ++irhs) {
3025	matrix.SetEdge(ilhs, irhs, *did_match_iter ++ != `0`);
3026	}
3027	}
3028	return matrix;
3029	}
3030
3031	::std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > matchers_;
3032
3033	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl);
3034	};
3035
3036	// Functor for use in TransformTuple.
3037	// Performs MatcherCast<Target> on an input argument of any type.
3038	template <typename Target>
3039	struct CastAndAppendTransform {
3040	template <typename Arg>
3041	Matcher<Target> operator()(const Arg& a) const {
3042	return MatcherCast<Target>(a);
3043	}
3044	};
3045
3046	// Implements UnorderedElementsAre.
3047	template <typename MatcherTuple>
3048	class UnorderedElementsAreMatcher {
3049	public:
3050	explicit UnorderedElementsAreMatcher(const MatcherTuple& args)
3051	: matchers_(args) {}
3052
3053	template <typename Container>
3054	operator Matcher<Container>() const {
3055	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
3056	typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type View;
3057	typedef typename View::value_type Element;
3058	typedef ::std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > MatcherVec;
3059	MatcherVec matchers;
3060	matchers.reserve(::std::tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value);
3061	TransformTupleValues(CastAndAppendTransform<const Element&>(), matchers_,
3062	::std::back_inserter(matchers));
3063	return Matcher<Container>(
3064	new UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl<const Container&>(
3065	UnorderedMatcherRequire::ExactMatch, matchers.begin(),
3066	matchers.end()));
3067	}
3068
3069	private:
3070	const MatcherTuple matchers_;
3071	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(UnorderedElementsAreMatcher);
3072	};
3073
3074	// Implements ElementsAre.
3075	template <typename MatcherTuple>
3076	class ElementsAreMatcher {
3077	public:
3078	explicit ElementsAreMatcher(const MatcherTuple& args) : matchers_(args) {}
3079
3080	template <typename Container>
3081	operator Matcher<Container>() const {
3082	GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
3083	!IsHashTable<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container)>::value \|\|
3084	::std::tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value < `2`,
3085	use_UnorderedElementsAre_with_hash_tables);
3086
3087	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
3088	typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type View;
3089	typedef typename View::value_type Element;
3090	typedef ::std::vector<Matcher<const Element&> > MatcherVec;
3091	MatcherVec matchers;
3092	matchers.reserve(::std::tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value);
3093	TransformTupleValues(CastAndAppendTransform<const Element&>(), matchers_,
3094	::std::back_inserter(matchers));
3095	return Matcher<Container>(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<const Container&>(
3096	matchers.begin(), matchers.end()));
3097	}
3098
3099	private:
3100	const MatcherTuple matchers_;
3101	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreMatcher);
3102	};
3103
3104	// Implements UnorderedElementsAreArray(), IsSubsetOf(), and IsSupersetOf().
3105	template <typename T>
3106	class UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher {
3107	public:
3108	template <typename Iter>
3109	UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher(UnorderedMatcherRequire::Flags match_flags,
3110	Iter first, Iter last)
3111	: match_flags_(match_flags), matchers_(first, last) {}
3112
3113	template <typename Container>
3114	operator Matcher<Container>() const {
3115	return Matcher<Container>(
3116	new UnorderedElementsAreMatcherImpl<const Container&>(
3117	match_flags_, matchers_.begin(), matchers_.end()));
3118	}
3119
3120	private:
3121	UnorderedMatcherRequire::Flags match_flags_;
3122	::std::vector<T> matchers_;
3123
3124	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher);
3125	};
3126
3127	// Implements ElementsAreArray().
3128	template <typename T>
3129	class ElementsAreArrayMatcher {
3130	public:
3131	template <typename Iter>
3132	ElementsAreArrayMatcher(Iter first, Iter last) : matchers_(first, last) {}
3133
3134	template <typename Container>
3135	operator Matcher<Container>() const {
3136	GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
3137	!IsHashTable<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container)>::value,
3138	use_UnorderedElementsAreArray_with_hash_tables);
3139
3140	return Matcher<Container>(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<const Container&>(
3141	matchers_.begin(), matchers_.end()));
3142	}
3143
3144	private:
3145	const ::std::vector<T> matchers_;
3146
3147	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(ElementsAreArrayMatcher);
3148	};
3149
3150	// Given a 2-tuple matcher tm of type Tuple2Matcher and a value second
3151	// of type Second, BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, Second>(tm,
3152	// second) is a polymorphic matcher that matches a value x if and only if
3153	// tm matches tuple (x, second). Useful for implementing
3154	// UnorderedPointwise() in terms of UnorderedElementsAreArray().
3155	//
3156	// BoundSecondMatcher is copyable and assignable, as we need to put
3157	// instances of this class in a vector when implementing
3158	// UnorderedPointwise().
3159	template <typename Tuple2Matcher, typename Second>
3160	class BoundSecondMatcher {
3161	public:
3162	BoundSecondMatcher(const Tuple2Matcher& tm, const Second& second)
3163	: tuple2_matcher_(tm), second_value_(second) {}
3164
3165	template <typename T>
3166	operator Matcher<T>() const {
3167	return MakeMatcher(new Impl<T>(tuple2_matcher_, second_value_));
3168	}
3169
3170	// We have to define this for UnorderedPointwise() to compile in
3171	// C++98 mode, as it puts BoundSecondMatcher instances in a vector,
3172	// which requires the elements to be assignable in C++98. The
3173	// compiler cannot generate the operator= for us, as Tuple2Matcher
3174	// and Second may not be assignable.
3175	//
3176	// However, this should never be called, so the implementation just
3177	// need to assert.
3178	void operator=(const BoundSecondMatcher& /rhs/) {
3179	GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "BoundSecondMatcher should never be assigned.";
3180	}
3181
3182	private:
3183	template <typename T>
3184	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<T> {
3185	public:
3186	typedef ::std::tuple<T, Second> ArgTuple;
3187
3188	Impl(const Tuple2Matcher& tm, const Second& second)
3189	: mono_tuple2_matcher_(SafeMatcherCast<const ArgTuple&>(tm)),
3190	second_value_(second) {}
3191
3192	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
3193	*os << "and ";
3194	UniversalPrint(second_value_, os);
3195	*os << " ";
3196	mono_tuple2_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
3197	}
3198
3199	bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
3200	return mono_tuple2_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(ArgTuple(x, second_value_),
3201	listener);
3202	}
3203
3204	private:
3205	const Matcher<const ArgTuple&> mono_tuple2_matcher_;
3206	const Second second_value_;
3207
3208	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
3209	};
3210
3211	const Tuple2Matcher tuple2_matcher_;
3212	const Second second_value_;
3213	};
3214
3215	// Given a 2-tuple matcher tm and a value second,
3216	// MatcherBindSecond(tm, second) returns a matcher that matches a
3217	// value x if and only if tm matches tuple (x, second). Useful for
3218	// implementing UnorderedPointwise() in terms of UnorderedElementsAreArray().
3219	template <typename Tuple2Matcher, typename Second>
3220	BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, Second> MatcherBindSecond(
3221	const Tuple2Matcher& tm, const Second& second) {
3222	return BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, Second>(tm, second);
3223	}
3224
3225	// Returns the description for a matcher defined using the MATCHER()*
3226	// macro where the user-supplied description string is "", if
3227	// 'negation' is false; otherwise returns the description of the
3228	// negation of the matcher. 'param_values' contains a list of strings
3229	// that are the print-out of the matcher's parameters.
3230	GTEST_API_ std::string FormatMatcherDescription(bool negation,
3231	const char* matcher_name,
3232	const Strings& param_values);
3233
3234	// Implements a matcher that checks the value of a optional<> type variable.
3235	template <typename ValueMatcher>
3236	class OptionalMatcher {
3237	public:
3238	explicit OptionalMatcher(const ValueMatcher& value_matcher)
3239	: value_matcher_(value_matcher) {}
3240
3241	template <typename Optional>
3242	operator Matcher<Optional>() const {
3243	return Matcher<Optional>(new Impl<const Optional&>(value_matcher_));
3244	}
3245
3246	template <typename Optional>
3247	class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Optional> {
3248	public:
3249	typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Optional) OptionalView;
3250	typedef typename OptionalView::value_type ValueType;
3251	explicit Impl(const ValueMatcher& value_matcher)
3252	: value_matcher_(MatcherCast<ValueType>(value_matcher)) {}
3253
3254	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
3255	*os << "value ";
3256	value_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
3257	}
3258
3259	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
3260	*os << "value ";
3261	value_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
3262	}
3263
3264	bool MatchAndExplain(Optional optional,
3265	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
3266	if (!optional) {
3267	*listener << "which is not engaged";
3268	return false;
3269	}
3270	const ValueType& value = *optional;
3271	StringMatchResultListener value_listener;
3272	const bool match = value_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(value, &value_listener);
3273	*listener << "whose value " << PrintToString(value)
3274	<< (match ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
3275	PrintIfNotEmpty(value_listener.str(), listener->stream());
3276	return match;
3277	}
3278
3279	private:
3280	const Matcher<ValueType> value_matcher_;
3281	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
3282	};
3283
3284	private:
3285	const ValueMatcher value_matcher_;
3286	GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(OptionalMatcher);
3287	};
3288
3289	namespace variant_matcher {
3290	// Overloads to allow VariantMatcher to do proper ADL lookup.
3291	template <typename T>
3292	void holds_alternative() {}
3293	template <typename T>
3294	void get() {}
3295
3296	// Implements a matcher that checks the value of a variant<> type variable.
3297	template <typename T>
3298	class VariantMatcher {
3299	public:
3300	explicit VariantMatcher(::testing::Matcher<const T&> matcher)
3301	: matcher_(std::move(matcher)) {}
3302
3303	template <typename Variant>
3304	bool MatchAndExplain(const Variant& value,
3305	::testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
3306	using std::get;
3307	if (!listener->IsInterested()) {
3308	return holds_alternative<T>(value) && matcher_.Matches(get<T>(value));
3309	}
3310
3311	if (!holds_alternative<T>(value)) {
3312	*listener << "whose value is not of type '" << GetTypeName() << "'";
3313	return false;
3314	}
3315
3316	const T& elem = get<T>(value);
3317	StringMatchResultListener elem_listener;
3318	const bool match = matcher_.MatchAndExplain(elem, &elem_listener);
3319	*listener << "whose value " << PrintToString(elem)
3320	<< (match ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
3321	PrintIfNotEmpty(elem_listener.str(), listener->stream());
3322	return match;
3323	}
3324
3325	void DescribeTo(std::ostream* os) const {
3326	*os << "is a variant<> with value of type '" << GetTypeName()
3327	<< "' and the value ";
3328	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
3329	}
3330
3331	void DescribeNegationTo(std::ostream* os) const {
3332	*os << "is a variant<> with value of type other than '" << GetTypeName()
3333	<< "' or the value ";
3334	matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
3335	}
3336
3337	private:
3338	static std::string GetTypeName() {
3339	#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
3340	GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(
3341	return internal::GetTypeName<T>());
3342	#endif
3343	return "the element type";
3344	}
3345
3346	const ::testing::Matcher<const T&> matcher_;
3347	};
3348
3349	} // namespace variant_matcher
3350
3351	namespace any_cast_matcher {
3352
3353	// Overloads to allow AnyCastMatcher to do proper ADL lookup.
3354	template <typename T>
3355	void any_cast() {}
3356
3357	// Implements a matcher that any_casts the value.
3358	template <typename T>
3359	class AnyCastMatcher {
3360	public:
3361	explicit AnyCastMatcher(const ::testing::Matcher<const T&>& matcher)
3362	: matcher_(matcher) {}
3363
3364	template <typename AnyType>
3365	bool MatchAndExplain(const AnyType& value,
3366	::testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
3367	if (!listener->IsInterested()) {
3368	const T* ptr = any_cast<T>(&value);
3369	return ptr != nullptr && matcher_.Matches(*ptr);
3370	}
3371
3372	const T* elem = any_cast<T>(&value);
3373	if (elem == nullptr) {
3374	*listener << "whose value is not of type '" << GetTypeName() << "'";
3375	return false;
3376	}
3377
3378	StringMatchResultListener elem_listener;
3379	const bool match = matcher_.MatchAndExplain(*elem, &elem_listener);
3380	listener << "whose value " << PrintToString(elem)
3381	<< (match ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
3382	PrintIfNotEmpty(elem_listener.str(), listener->stream());
3383	return match;
3384	}
3385
3386	void DescribeTo(std::ostream* os) const {
3387	*os << "is an 'any' type with value of type '" << GetTypeName()
3388	<< "' and the value ";
3389	matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
3390	}
3391
3392	void DescribeNegationTo(std::ostream* os) const {
3393	*os << "is an 'any' type with value of type other than '" << GetTypeName()
3394	<< "' or the value ";
3395	matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
3396	}
3397
3398	private:
3399	static std::string GetTypeName() {
3400	#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
3401	GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(
3402	return internal::GetTypeName<T>());
3403	#endif
3404	return "the element type";
3405	}
3406
3407	const ::testing::Matcher<const T&> matcher_;
3408	};
3409
3410	} // namespace any_cast_matcher
3411
3412	// Implements the Args() matcher.
3413	template <class ArgsTuple, size_t... k>
3414	class ArgsMatcherImpl : public MatcherInterface<ArgsTuple> {
3415	public:
3416	using RawArgsTuple = typename std::decay<ArgsTuple>::type;
3417	using SelectedArgs =
3418	std::tuple<typename std::tuple_element<k, RawArgsTuple>::type...>;
3419	using MonomorphicInnerMatcher = Matcher<const SelectedArgs&>;
3420
3421	template <typename InnerMatcher>
3422	explicit ArgsMatcherImpl(const InnerMatcher& inner_matcher)
3423	: inner_matcher_(SafeMatcherCast<const SelectedArgs&>(inner_matcher)) {}
3424
3425	bool MatchAndExplain(ArgsTuple args,
3426	MatchResultListener* listener) const override {
3427	// Workaround spurious C4100 on MSVC<=15.7 when k is empty.
3428	(void)args;
3429	const SelectedArgs& selected_args =
3430	std::forward_as_tuple(std::get<k>(args)...);
3431	if (!listener->IsInterested()) return inner_matcher_.Matches(selected_args);
3432
3433	PrintIndices(listener->stream());
3434	*listener << "are " << PrintToString(selected_args);
3435
3436	StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
3437	const bool match =
3438	inner_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(selected_args, &inner_listener);
3439	PrintIfNotEmpty(inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
3440	return match;
3441	}
3442
3443	void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
3444	*os << "are a tuple ";
3445	PrintIndices(os);
3446	inner_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
3447	}
3448
3449	void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const override {
3450	*os << "are a tuple ";
3451	PrintIndices(os);
3452	inner_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
3453	}
3454
3455	private:
3456	// Prints the indices of the selected fields.
3457	static void PrintIndices(::std::ostream* os) {
3458	*os << "whose fields (";
3459	const char* sep = "";
3460	// Workaround spurious C4189 on MSVC<=15.7 when k is empty.
3461	(void)sep;
3462	const char* dummy[] = {"", (*os << sep << "#" << k, sep = ", ")...};
3463	(void)dummy;
3464	*os << ") ";
3465	}
3466
3467	MonomorphicInnerMatcher inner_matcher_;
3468	};
3469
3470	template <class InnerMatcher, size_t... k>
3471	class ArgsMatcher {
3472	public:
3473	explicit ArgsMatcher(InnerMatcher inner_matcher)
3474	: inner_matcher_(std::move(inner_matcher)) {}
3475
3476	template <typename ArgsTuple>
3477	operator Matcher<ArgsTuple>() const { // NOLINT
3478	return MakeMatcher(new ArgsMatcherImpl<ArgsTuple, k...>(inner_matcher_));
3479	}
3480
3481	private:
3482	InnerMatcher inner_matcher_;
3483	};
3484
3485	} // namespace internal
3486
3487	// ElementsAreArray(iterator_first, iterator_last)
3488	// ElementsAreArray(pointer, count)
3489	// ElementsAreArray(array)
3490	// ElementsAreArray(container)
3491	// ElementsAreArray({ e1, e2, ..., en })
3492	//
3493	// The ElementsAreArray() functions are like ElementsAre(...), except
3494	// that they are given a homogeneous sequence rather than taking each
3495	// element as a function argument. The sequence can be specified as an
3496	// array, a pointer and count, a vector, an initializer list, or an
3497	// STL iterator range. In each of these cases, the underlying sequence
3498	// can be either a sequence of values or a sequence of matchers.
3499	//
3500	// All forms of ElementsAreArray() make a copy of the input matcher sequence.
3501
3502	template <typename Iter>
3503	inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<
3504	typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>
3505	ElementsAreArray(Iter first, Iter last) {
3506	typedef typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type T;
3507	return internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(first, last);
3508	}
3509
3510	template <typename T>
3511	inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> ElementsAreArray(
3512	const T* pointer, size_t count) {
3513	return ElementsAreArray(pointer, pointer + count);
3514	}
3515
3516	template <typename T, size_t N>
3517	inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> ElementsAreArray(
3518	const T (&array)[N]) {
3519	return ElementsAreArray(array, N);
3520	}
3521
3522	template <typename Container>
3523	inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<typename Container::value_type>
3524	ElementsAreArray(const Container& container) {
3525	return ElementsAreArray(container.begin(), container.end());
3526	}
3527
3528	template <typename T>
3529	inline internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
3530	ElementsAreArray(::std::initializer_list<T> xs) {
3531	return ElementsAreArray(xs.begin(), xs.end());
3532	}
3533
3534	// UnorderedElementsAreArray(iterator_first, iterator_last)
3535	// UnorderedElementsAreArray(pointer, count)
3536	// UnorderedElementsAreArray(array)
3537	// UnorderedElementsAreArray(container)
3538	// UnorderedElementsAreArray({ e1, e2, ..., en })
3539	//
3540	// UnorderedElementsAreArray() verifies that a bijective mapping onto a
3541	// collection of matchers exists.
3542	//
3543	// The matchers can be specified as an array, a pointer and count, a container,
3544	// an initializer list, or an STL iterator range. In each of these cases, the
3545	// underlying matchers can be either values or matchers.
3546
3547	template <typename Iter>
3548	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
3549	typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>
3550	UnorderedElementsAreArray(Iter first, Iter last) {
3551	typedef typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type T;
3552	return internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(
3553	internal::UnorderedMatcherRequire::ExactMatch, first, last);
3554	}
3555
3556	template <typename T>
3557	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
3558	UnorderedElementsAreArray(const T* pointer, size_t count) {
3559	return UnorderedElementsAreArray(pointer, pointer + count);
3560	}
3561
3562	template <typename T, size_t N>
3563	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
3564	UnorderedElementsAreArray(const T (&array)[N]) {
3565	return UnorderedElementsAreArray(array, N);
3566	}
3567
3568	template <typename Container>
3569	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
3570	typename Container::value_type>
3571	UnorderedElementsAreArray(const Container& container) {
3572	return UnorderedElementsAreArray(container.begin(), container.end());
3573	}
3574
3575	template <typename T>
3576	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>
3577	UnorderedElementsAreArray(::std::initializer_list<T> xs) {
3578	return UnorderedElementsAreArray(xs.begin(), xs.end());
3579	}
3580
3581	// _ is a matcher that matches anything of any type.
3582	//
3583	// This definition is fine as:
3584	//
3585	// 1. The C++ standard permits using the name _ in a namespace that
3586	// is not the global namespace or ::std.
3587	// 2. The AnythingMatcher class has no data member or constructor,
3588	// so it's OK to create global variables of this type.
3589	// 3. c-style has approved of using _ in this case.
3590	const internal::AnythingMatcher _ = {};
3591	// Creates a matcher that matches any value of the given type T.
3592	template <typename T>
3593	inline Matcher<T> A() {
3594	return Matcher<T>(new internal::AnyMatcherImpl<T>());
3595	}
3596
3597	// Creates a matcher that matches any value of the given type T.
3598	template <typename T>
3599	inline Matcher<T> An() { return A<T>(); }
3600
3601	template <typename T, typename M>
3602	Matcher<T> internal::MatcherCastImpl<T, M>::CastImpl(
3603	const M& value, std::false_type / convertible_to_matcher /,
3604	std::false_type / convertible_to_T /) {
3605	return Eq(value);
3606	}
3607
3608	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches any NULL pointer.
3609	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::IsNullMatcher > IsNull() {
3610	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::IsNullMatcher ());
3611	}
3612
3613	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches any non-NULL pointer.
3614	// This is convenient as Not(NULL) doesn't compile (the compiler
3615	// thinks that that expression is comparing a pointer with an integer).
3616	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::NotNullMatcher > NotNull() {
3617	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::NotNullMatcher ());
3618	}
3619
3620	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches any argument that
3621	// references variable x.
3622	template <typename T>
3623	inline internal::RefMatcher<T&> Ref(T& x) { // NOLINT
3624	return internal::RefMatcher<T&>(x);
3625	}
3626
3627	// Creates a matcher that matches any double argument approximately
3628	// equal to rhs, where two NANs are considered unequal.
3629	inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double> DoubleEq(double rhs) {
3630	return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double>(rhs, false);
3631	}
3632
3633	// Creates a matcher that matches any double argument approximately
3634	// equal to rhs, including NaN values when rhs is NaN.
3635	inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double> NanSensitiveDoubleEq(double rhs) {
3636	return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double>(rhs, true);
3637	}
3638
3639	// Creates a matcher that matches any double argument approximately equal to
3640	// rhs, up to the specified max absolute error bound, where two NANs are
3641	// considered unequal. The max absolute error bound must be non-negative.
3642	inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double> DoubleNear(
3643	double rhs, double max_abs_error) {
3644	return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double>(rhs, false, max_abs_error);
3645	}
3646
3647	// Creates a matcher that matches any double argument approximately equal to
3648	// rhs, up to the specified max absolute error bound, including NaN values when
3649	// rhs is NaN. The max absolute error bound must be non-negative.
3650	inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double> NanSensitiveDoubleNear(
3651	double rhs, double max_abs_error) {
3652	return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<double>(rhs, true, max_abs_error);
3653	}
3654
3655	// Creates a matcher that matches any float argument approximately
3656	// equal to rhs, where two NANs are considered unequal.
3657	inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float> FloatEq(float rhs) {
3658	return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float>(rhs, false);
3659	}
3660
3661	// Creates a matcher that matches any float argument approximately
3662	// equal to rhs, including NaN values when rhs is NaN.
3663	inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float> NanSensitiveFloatEq(float rhs) {
3664	return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float>(rhs, true);
3665	}
3666
3667	// Creates a matcher that matches any float argument approximately equal to
3668	// rhs, up to the specified max absolute error bound, where two NANs are
3669	// considered unequal. The max absolute error bound must be non-negative.
3670	inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float> FloatNear(
3671	float rhs, float max_abs_error) {
3672	return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float>(rhs, false, max_abs_error);
3673	}
3674
3675	// Creates a matcher that matches any float argument approximately equal to
3676	// rhs, up to the specified max absolute error bound, including NaN values when
3677	// rhs is NaN. The max absolute error bound must be non-negative.
3678	inline internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float> NanSensitiveFloatNear(
3679	float rhs, float max_abs_error) {
3680	return internal::FloatingEqMatcher<float>(rhs, true, max_abs_error);
3681	}
3682
3683	// Creates a matcher that matches a pointer (raw or smart) that points
3684	// to a value that matches inner_matcher.
3685	template <typename InnerMatcher>
3686	inline internal::PointeeMatcher<InnerMatcher> Pointee(
3687	const InnerMatcher& inner_matcher) {
3688	return internal::PointeeMatcher<InnerMatcher>(inner_matcher);
3689	}
3690
3691	#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
3692	// Creates a matcher that matches a pointer or reference that matches
3693	// inner_matcher when dynamic_cast<To> is applied.
3694	// The result of dynamic_cast<To> is forwarded to the inner matcher.
3695	// If To is a pointer and the cast fails, the inner matcher will receive NULL.
3696	// If To is a reference and the cast fails, this matcher returns false
3697	// immediately.
3698	template <typename To>
3699	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::WhenDynamicCastToMatcher<To> >
3700	WhenDynamicCastTo(const Matcher<To>& inner_matcher) {
3701	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3702	internal::WhenDynamicCastToMatcher<To>(inner_matcher));
3703	}
3704	#endif // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
3705
3706	// Creates a matcher that matches an object whose given field matches
3707	// 'matcher'. For example,
3708	// Field(&Foo::number, Ge(5))
3709	// matches a Foo object x if and only if x.number >= 5.
3710	template <typename Class, typename FieldType, typename FieldMatcher>
3711	inline PolymorphicMatcher<
3712	internal::FieldMatcher<Class, FieldType> > Field(
3713	FieldType Class::field, const* FieldMatcher& matcher) {
3714	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3715	internal::FieldMatcher<Class, FieldType>(
3716	field, MatcherCast<const FieldType&>(matcher)));
3717	// The call to MatcherCast() is required for supporting inner
3718	// matchers of compatible types. For example, it allows
3719	// Field(&Foo::bar, m)
3720	// to compile where bar is an int32 and m is a matcher for int64.
3721	}
3722
3723	// Same as Field() but also takes the name of the field to provide better error
3724	// messages.
3725	template <typename Class, typename FieldType, typename FieldMatcher>
3726	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::FieldMatcher<Class, FieldType> > Field(
3727	const std::string& field_name, FieldType Class::*field,
3728	const FieldMatcher& matcher) {
3729	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::FieldMatcher<Class, FieldType>(
3730	field_name, field, MatcherCast<const FieldType&>(matcher)));
3731	}
3732
3733	// Creates a matcher that matches an object whose given property
3734	// matches 'matcher'. For example,
3735	// Property(&Foo::str, StartsWith("hi"))
3736	// matches a Foo object x if and only if x.str() starts with "hi".
3737	template <typename Class, typename PropertyType, typename PropertyMatcher>
3738	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::PropertyMatcher<
3739	Class, PropertyType, PropertyType (Class::)() const*> >
3740	Property(PropertyType (Class::property)() const*,
3741	const PropertyMatcher& matcher) {
3742	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3743	internal::PropertyMatcher<Class, PropertyType,
3744	PropertyType (Class::)() const*>(
3745	property, MatcherCast<const PropertyType&>(matcher)));
3746	// The call to MatcherCast() is required for supporting inner
3747	// matchers of compatible types. For example, it allows
3748	// Property(&Foo::bar, m)
3749	// to compile where bar() returns an int32 and m is a matcher for int64.
3750	}
3751
3752	// Same as Property() above, but also takes the name of the property to provide
3753	// better error messages.
3754	template <typename Class, typename PropertyType, typename PropertyMatcher>
3755	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::PropertyMatcher<
3756	Class, PropertyType, PropertyType (Class::)() const*> >
3757	Property(const std::string& property_name,
3758	PropertyType (Class::property)() const*,
3759	const PropertyMatcher& matcher) {
3760	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3761	internal::PropertyMatcher<Class, PropertyType,
3762	PropertyType (Class::)() const*>(
3763	property_name, property, MatcherCast<const PropertyType&>(matcher)));
3764	}
3765
3766	// The same as above but for reference-qualified member functions.
3767	template <typename Class, typename PropertyType, typename PropertyMatcher>
3768	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::PropertyMatcher<
3769	Class, PropertyType, PropertyType (Class::)() const* &> >
3770	Property(PropertyType (Class::property)() const* &,
3771	const PropertyMatcher& matcher) {
3772	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3773	internal::PropertyMatcher<Class, PropertyType,
3774	PropertyType (Class::)() const*&>(
3775	property, MatcherCast<const PropertyType&>(matcher)));
3776	}
3777
3778	// Three-argument form for reference-qualified member functions.
3779	template <typename Class, typename PropertyType, typename PropertyMatcher>
3780	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::PropertyMatcher<
3781	Class, PropertyType, PropertyType (Class::)() const* &> >
3782	Property(const std::string& property_name,
3783	PropertyType (Class::property)() const* &,
3784	const PropertyMatcher& matcher) {
3785	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3786	internal::PropertyMatcher<Class, PropertyType,
3787	PropertyType (Class::)() const*&>(
3788	property_name, property, MatcherCast<const PropertyType&>(matcher)));
3789	}
3790
3791	// Creates a matcher that matches an object if and only if the result of
3792	// applying a callable to x matches 'matcher'. For example,
3793	// ResultOf(f, StartsWith("hi"))
3794	// matches a Foo object x if and only if f(x) starts with "hi".
3795	// `callable` parameter can be a function, function pointer, or a functor. It is
3796	// required to keep no state affecting the results of the calls on it and make
3797	// no assumptions about how many calls will be made. Any state it keeps must be
3798	// protected from the concurrent access.
3799	template <typename Callable, typename InnerMatcher>
3800	internal::ResultOfMatcher<Callable, InnerMatcher> ResultOf(
3801	Callable callable, InnerMatcher matcher) {
3802	return internal::ResultOfMatcher<Callable, InnerMatcher>(
3803	std::move(callable), std::move(matcher));
3804	}
3805
3806	// String matchers.
3807
3808	// Matches a string equal to str.
3809	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::string> > StrEq(
3810	const std::string& str) {
3811	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3812	internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::string>(str, true, true));
3813	}
3814
3815	// Matches a string not equal to str.
3816	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::string> > StrNe(
3817	const std::string& str) {
3818	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3819	internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::string>(str, false, true));
3820	}
3821
3822	// Matches a string equal to str, ignoring case.
3823	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::string> > StrCaseEq(
3824	const std::string& str) {
3825	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3826	internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::string>(str, true, false));
3827	}
3828
3829	// Matches a string not equal to str, ignoring case.
3830	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::string> > StrCaseNe(
3831	const std::string& str) {
3832	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3833	internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::string>(str, false, false));
3834	}
3835
3836	// Creates a matcher that matches any string, std::string, or C string
3837	// that contains the given substring.
3838	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::HasSubstrMatcher<std::string> > HasSubstr(
3839	const std::string& substring) {
3840	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3841	internal::HasSubstrMatcher<std::string>(substring));
3842	}
3843
3844	// Matches a string that starts with 'prefix' (case-sensitive).
3845	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StartsWithMatcher<std::string> > StartsWith(
3846	const std::string& prefix) {
3847	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3848	internal::StartsWithMatcher<std::string>(prefix));
3849	}
3850
3851	// Matches a string that ends with 'suffix' (case-sensitive).
3852	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::EndsWithMatcher<std::string> > EndsWith(
3853	const std::string& suffix) {
3854	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::EndsWithMatcher<std::string>(suffix));
3855	}
3856
3857	#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
3858	// Wide string matchers.
3859
3860	// Matches a string equal to str.
3861	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring> > StrEq(
3862	const std::wstring& str) {
3863	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3864	internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring>(str, true, true));
3865	}
3866
3867	// Matches a string not equal to str.
3868	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring> > StrNe(
3869	const std::wstring& str) {
3870	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3871	internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring>(str, false, true));
3872	}
3873
3874	// Matches a string equal to str, ignoring case.
3875	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring> >
3876	StrCaseEq(const std::wstring& str) {
3877	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3878	internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring>(str, true, false));
3879	}
3880
3881	// Matches a string not equal to str, ignoring case.
3882	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring> >
3883	StrCaseNe(const std::wstring& str) {
3884	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3885	internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring>(str, false, false));
3886	}
3887
3888	// Creates a matcher that matches any ::wstring, std::wstring, or C wide string
3889	// that contains the given substring.
3890	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::HasSubstrMatcher<std::wstring> > HasSubstr(
3891	const std::wstring& substring) {
3892	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3893	internal::HasSubstrMatcher<std::wstring>(substring));
3894	}
3895
3896	// Matches a string that starts with 'prefix' (case-sensitive).
3897	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StartsWithMatcher<std::wstring> >
3898	StartsWith(const std::wstring& prefix) {
3899	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3900	internal::StartsWithMatcher<std::wstring>(prefix));
3901	}
3902
3903	// Matches a string that ends with 'suffix' (case-sensitive).
3904	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::EndsWithMatcher<std::wstring> > EndsWith(
3905	const std::wstring& suffix) {
3906	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
3907	internal::EndsWithMatcher<std::wstring>(suffix));
3908	}
3909
3910	#endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
3911
3912	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where the
3913	// first field == the second field.
3914	inline internal::Eq2Matcher Eq() { return internal::Eq2Matcher (); }
3915
3916	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where the
3917	// first field >= the second field.
3918	inline internal::Ge2Matcher Ge() { return internal::Ge2Matcher (); }
3919
3920	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where the
3921	// first field > the second field.
3922	inline internal::Gt2Matcher Gt() { return internal::Gt2Matcher (); }
3923
3924	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where the
3925	// first field <= the second field.
3926	inline internal::Le2Matcher Le() { return internal::Le2Matcher (); }
3927
3928	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where the
3929	// first field < the second field.
3930	inline internal::Lt2Matcher Lt() { return internal::Lt2Matcher (); }
3931
3932	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where the
3933	// first field != the second field.
3934	inline internal::Ne2Matcher Ne() { return internal::Ne2Matcher (); }
3935
3936	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
3937	// FloatEq(first field) matches the second field.
3938	inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float> FloatEq() {
3939	return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float>();
3940	}
3941
3942	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
3943	// DoubleEq(first field) matches the second field.
3944	inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double> DoubleEq() {
3945	return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double>();
3946	}
3947
3948	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
3949	// FloatEq(first field) matches the second field with NaN equality.
3950	inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float> NanSensitiveFloatEq() {
3951	return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float>(true);
3952	}
3953
3954	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
3955	// DoubleEq(first field) matches the second field with NaN equality.
3956	inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double> NanSensitiveDoubleEq() {
3957	return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double>(true);
3958	}
3959
3960	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
3961	// FloatNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field.
3962	inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float> FloatNear(float max_abs_error) {
3963	return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float>(max_abs_error);
3964	}
3965
3966	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
3967	// DoubleNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field.
3968	inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double> DoubleNear(double max_abs_error) {
3969	return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double>(max_abs_error);
3970	}
3971
3972	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
3973	// FloatNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field with NaN
3974	// equality.
3975	inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float> NanSensitiveFloatNear(
3976	float max_abs_error) {
3977	return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float>(max_abs_error, true);
3978	}
3979
3980	// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
3981	// DoubleNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field with NaN
3982	// equality.
3983	inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double> NanSensitiveDoubleNear(
3984	double max_abs_error) {
3985	return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double>(max_abs_error, true);
3986	}
3987
3988	// Creates a matcher that matches any value of type T that m doesn't
3989	// match.
3990	template <typename InnerMatcher>
3991	inline internal::NotMatcher<InnerMatcher> Not(InnerMatcher m) {
3992	return internal::NotMatcher<InnerMatcher>(m);
3993	}
3994
3995	// Returns a matcher that matches anything that satisfies the given
3996	// predicate. The predicate can be any unary function or functor
3997	// whose return type can be implicitly converted to bool.
3998	template <typename Predicate>
3999	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::TrulyMatcher<Predicate> >
4000	Truly(Predicate pred) {
4001	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::TrulyMatcher<Predicate>(pred));
4002	}
4003
4004	// Returns a matcher that matches the container size. The container must
4005	// support both size() and size_type which all STL-like containers provide.
4006	// Note that the parameter 'size' can be a value of type size_type as well as
4007	// matcher. For instance:
4008	// EXPECT_THAT(container, SizeIs(2)); // Checks container has 2 elements.
4009	// EXPECT_THAT(container, SizeIs(Le(2)); // Checks container has at most 2.
4010	template <typename SizeMatcher>
4011	inline internal::SizeIsMatcher<SizeMatcher>
4012	SizeIs(const SizeMatcher& size_matcher) {
4013	return internal::SizeIsMatcher<SizeMatcher>(size_matcher);
4014	}
4015
4016	// Returns a matcher that matches the distance between the container's begin()
4017	// iterator and its end() iterator, i.e. the size of the container. This matcher
4018	// can be used instead of SizeIs with containers such as std::forward_list which
4019	// do not implement size(). The container must provide const_iterator (with
4020	// valid iterator_traits), begin() and end().
4021	template <typename DistanceMatcher>
4022	inline internal::BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher<DistanceMatcher>
4023	BeginEndDistanceIs(const DistanceMatcher& distance_matcher) {
4024	return internal::BeginEndDistanceIsMatcher<DistanceMatcher>(distance_matcher);
4025	}
4026
4027	// Returns a matcher that matches an equal container.
4028	// This matcher behaves like Eq(), but in the event of mismatch lists the
4029	// values that are included in one container but not the other. (Duplicate
4030	// values and order differences are not explained.)
4031	template <typename Container>
4032	inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::ContainerEqMatcher<
4033	typename std::remove_const<Container>::type>>
4034	ContainerEq(const Container& rhs) {
4035	// This following line is for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0,
4036	// which causes Container to be a const type sometimes.
4037	typedef typename std::remove_const<Container>::type RawContainer;
4038	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
4039	internal::ContainerEqMatcher<RawContainer>(rhs));
4040	}
4041
4042	// Returns a matcher that matches a container that, when sorted using
4043	// the given comparator, matches container_matcher.
4044	template <typename Comparator, typename ContainerMatcher>
4045	inline internal::WhenSortedByMatcher<Comparator, ContainerMatcher>
4046	WhenSortedBy(const Comparator& comparator,
4047	const ContainerMatcher& container_matcher) {
4048	return internal::WhenSortedByMatcher<Comparator, ContainerMatcher>(
4049	comparator, container_matcher);
4050	}
4051
4052	// Returns a matcher that matches a container that, when sorted using
4053	// the < operator, matches container_matcher.
4054	template <typename ContainerMatcher>
4055	inline internal::WhenSortedByMatcher<internal::LessComparator, ContainerMatcher>
4056	WhenSorted(const ContainerMatcher& container_matcher) {
4057	return
4058	internal::WhenSortedByMatcher<internal::LessComparator, ContainerMatcher>(
4059	internal::LessComparator (), container_matcher);
4060	}
4061
4062	// Matches an STL-style container or a native array that contains the
4063	// same number of elements as in rhs, where its i-th element and rhs's
4064	// i-th element (as a pair) satisfy the given pair matcher, for all i.
4065	// TupleMatcher must be able to be safely cast to Matcher<std::tuple<const
4066	// T1&, const T2&> >, where T1 and T2 are the types of elements in the
4067	// LHS container and the RHS container respectively.
4068	template <typename TupleMatcher, typename Container>
4069	inline internal::PointwiseMatcher<TupleMatcher,
4070	typename std::remove_const<Container>::type>
4071	Pointwise(const TupleMatcher& tuple_matcher, const Container& rhs) {
4072	// This following line is for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0,
4073	// which causes Container to be a const type sometimes (e.g. when
4074	// rhs is a const int[])..
4075	typedef typename std::remove_const<Container>::type RawContainer;
4076	return internal::PointwiseMatcher<TupleMatcher, RawContainer>(
4077	tuple_matcher, rhs);
4078	}
4079
4080
4081	// Supports the Pointwise(m, {a, b, c}) syntax.
4082	template <typename TupleMatcher, typename T>
4083	inline internal::PointwiseMatcher<TupleMatcher, std::vector<T> > Pointwise(
4084	const TupleMatcher& tuple_matcher, std::initializer_list<T> rhs) {
4085	return Pointwise(tuple_matcher, std::vector<T>(rhs));
4086	}
4087
4088
4089	// UnorderedPointwise(pair_matcher, rhs) matches an STL-style
4090	// container or a native array that contains the same number of
4091	// elements as in rhs, where in some permutation of the container, its
4092	// i-th element and rhs's i-th element (as a pair) satisfy the given
4093	// pair matcher, for all i. Tuple2Matcher must be able to be safely
4094	// cast to Matcher<std::tuple<const T1&, const T2&> >, where T1 and T2 are
4095	// the types of elements in the LHS container and the RHS container
4096	// respectively.
4097	//
4098	// This is like Pointwise(pair_matcher, rhs), except that the element
4099	// order doesn't matter.
4100	template <typename Tuple2Matcher, typename RhsContainer>
4101	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
4102	typename internal::BoundSecondMatcher<
4103	Tuple2Matcher,
4104	typename internal::StlContainerView<
4105	typename std::remove_const<RhsContainer>::type>::type::value_type>>
4106	UnorderedPointwise(const Tuple2Matcher& tuple2_matcher,
4107	const RhsContainer& rhs_container) {
4108	// This following line is for working around a bug in MSVC 8.0,
4109	// which causes RhsContainer to be a const type sometimes (e.g. when
4110	// rhs_container is a const int[]).
4111	typedef typename std::remove_const<RhsContainer>::type RawRhsContainer;
4112
4113	// RhsView allows the same code to handle RhsContainer being a
4114	// STL-style container and it being a native C-style array.
4115	typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawRhsContainer> RhsView;
4116	typedef typename RhsView::type RhsStlContainer;
4117	typedef typename RhsStlContainer::value_type Second;
4118	const RhsStlContainer& rhs_stl_container =
4119	RhsView::ConstReference(rhs_container);
4120
4121	// Create a matcher for each element in rhs_container.
4122	::std::vector<internal::BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, Second> > matchers;
4123	for (typename RhsStlContainer::const_iterator it = rhs_stl_container.begin();
4124	it != rhs_stl_container.end(); ++it) {
4125	matchers.push_back(
4126	internal::MatcherBindSecond(tuple2_matcher, *it));
4127	}
4128
4129	// Delegate the work to UnorderedElementsAreArray().
4130	return UnorderedElementsAreArray(matchers);
4131	}
4132
4133
4134	// Supports the UnorderedPointwise(m, {a, b, c}) syntax.
4135	template <typename Tuple2Matcher, typename T>
4136	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
4137	typename internal::BoundSecondMatcher<Tuple2Matcher, T> >
4138	UnorderedPointwise(const Tuple2Matcher& tuple2_matcher,
4139	std::initializer_list<T> rhs) {
4140	return UnorderedPointwise(tuple2_matcher, std::vector<T>(rhs));
4141	}
4142
4143
4144	// Matches an STL-style container or a native array that contains at
4145	// least one element matching the given value or matcher.
4146	//
4147	// Examples:
4148	// ::std::set<int> page_ids;
4149	// page_ids.insert(3);
4150	// page_ids.insert(1);
4151	// EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Contains(1));
4152	// EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Contains(Gt(2)));
4153	// EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Not(Contains(4)));
4154	//
4155	// ::std::map<int, size_t> page_lengths;
4156	// page_lengths[1] = 100;
4157	// EXPECT_THAT(page_lengths,
4158	// Contains(::std::pair<const int, size_t>(1, 100)));
4159	//
4160	// const char user_ids[] = { "joe", "mike", "tom" };*
4161	// EXPECT_THAT(user_ids, Contains(Eq(::std::string("tom"))));
4162	template <typename M>
4163	inline internal::ContainsMatcher<M> Contains(M matcher) {
4164	return internal::ContainsMatcher<M>(matcher);
4165	}
4166
4167	// IsSupersetOf(iterator_first, iterator_last)
4168	// IsSupersetOf(pointer, count)
4169	// IsSupersetOf(array)
4170	// IsSupersetOf(container)
4171	// IsSupersetOf({e1, e2, ..., en})
4172	//
4173	// IsSupersetOf() verifies that a surjective partial mapping onto a collection
4174	// of matchers exists. In other words, a container matches
4175	// IsSupersetOf({e1, ..., en}) if and only if there is a permutation
4176	// {y1, ..., yn} of some of the container's elements where y1 matches e1,
4177	// ..., and yn matches en. Obviously, the size of the container must be >= n
4178	// in order to have a match. Examples:
4179	//
4180	// - {1, 2, 3} matches IsSupersetOf({Ge(3), Ne(0)}), as 3 matches Ge(3) and
4181	// 1 matches Ne(0).
4182	// - {1, 2} doesn't match IsSupersetOf({Eq(1), Lt(2)}), even though 1 matches
4183	// both Eq(1) and Lt(2). The reason is that different matchers must be used
4184	// for elements in different slots of the container.
4185	// - {1, 1, 2} matches IsSupersetOf({Eq(1), Lt(2)}), as (the first) 1 matches
4186	// Eq(1) and (the second) 1 matches Lt(2).
4187	// - {1, 2, 3} matches IsSupersetOf(Gt(1), Gt(1)), as 2 matches (the first)
4188	// Gt(1) and 3 matches (the second) Gt(1).
4189	//
4190	// The matchers can be specified as an array, a pointer and count, a container,
4191	// an initializer list, or an STL iterator range. In each of these cases, the
4192	// underlying matchers can be either values or matchers.
4193
4194	template <typename Iter>
4195	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
4196	typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>
4197	IsSupersetOf(Iter first, Iter last) {
4198	typedef typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type T;
4199	return internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(
4200	internal::UnorderedMatcherRequire::Superset, first, last);
4201	}
4202
4203	template <typename T>
4204	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> IsSupersetOf(
4205	const T* pointer, size_t count) {
4206	return IsSupersetOf(pointer, pointer + count);
4207	}
4208
4209	template <typename T, size_t N>
4210	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> IsSupersetOf(
4211	const T (&array)[N]) {
4212	return IsSupersetOf(array, N);
4213	}
4214
4215	template <typename Container>
4216	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
4217	typename Container::value_type>
4218	IsSupersetOf(const Container& container) {
4219	return IsSupersetOf(container.begin(), container.end());
4220	}
4221
4222	template <typename T>
4223	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> IsSupersetOf(
4224	::std::initializer_list<T> xs) {
4225	return IsSupersetOf(xs.begin(), xs.end());
4226	}
4227
4228	// IsSubsetOf(iterator_first, iterator_last)
4229	// IsSubsetOf(pointer, count)
4230	// IsSubsetOf(array)
4231	// IsSubsetOf(container)
4232	// IsSubsetOf({e1, e2, ..., en})
4233	//
4234	// IsSubsetOf() verifies that an injective mapping onto a collection of matchers
4235	// exists. In other words, a container matches IsSubsetOf({e1, ..., en}) if and
4236	// only if there is a subset of matchers {m1, ..., mk} which would match the
4237	// container using UnorderedElementsAre. Obviously, the size of the container
4238	// must be <= n in order to have a match. Examples:
4239	//
4240	// - {1} matches IsSubsetOf({Gt(0), Lt(0)}), as 1 matches Gt(0).
4241	// - {1, -1} matches IsSubsetOf({Lt(0), Gt(0)}), as 1 matches Gt(0) and -1
4242	// matches Lt(0).
4243	// - {1, 2} doesn't matches IsSubsetOf({Gt(0), Lt(0)}), even though 1 and 2 both
4244	// match Gt(0). The reason is that different matchers must be used for
4245	// elements in different slots of the container.
4246	//
4247	// The matchers can be specified as an array, a pointer and count, a container,
4248	// an initializer list, or an STL iterator range. In each of these cases, the
4249	// underlying matchers can be either values or matchers.
4250
4251	template <typename Iter>
4252	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
4253	typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>
4254	IsSubsetOf(Iter first, Iter last) {
4255	typedef typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type T;
4256	return internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T>(
4257	internal::UnorderedMatcherRequire::Subset, first, last);
4258	}
4259
4260	template <typename T>
4261	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> IsSubsetOf(
4262	const T* pointer, size_t count) {
4263	return IsSubsetOf(pointer, pointer + count);
4264	}
4265
4266	template <typename T, size_t N>
4267	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> IsSubsetOf(
4268	const T (&array)[N]) {
4269	return IsSubsetOf(array, N);
4270	}
4271
4272	template <typename Container>
4273	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<
4274	typename Container::value_type>
4275	IsSubsetOf(const Container& container) {
4276	return IsSubsetOf(container.begin(), container.end());
4277	}
4278
4279	template <typename T>
4280	inline internal::UnorderedElementsAreArrayMatcher<T> IsSubsetOf(
4281	::std::initializer_list<T> xs) {
4282	return IsSubsetOf(xs.begin(), xs.end());
4283	}
4284
4285	// Matches an STL-style container or a native array that contains only
4286	// elements matching the given value or matcher.
4287	//
4288	// Each(m) is semantically equivalent to Not(Contains(Not(m))). Only
4289	// the messages are different.
4290	//
4291	// Examples:
4292	// ::std::set<int> page_ids;
4293	// // Each(m) matches an empty container, regardless of what m is.
4294	// EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Each(Eq(1)));
4295	// EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Each(Eq(77)));
4296	//
4297	// page_ids.insert(3);
4298	// EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Each(Gt(0)));
4299	// EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Not(Each(Gt(4))));
4300	// page_ids.insert(1);
4301	// EXPECT_THAT(page_ids, Not(Each(Lt(2))));
4302	//
4303	// ::std::map<int, size_t> page_lengths;
4304	// page_lengths[1] = 100;
4305	// page_lengths[2] = 200;
4306	// page_lengths[3] = 300;
4307	// EXPECT_THAT(page_lengths, Not(Each(Pair(1, 100))));
4308	// EXPECT_THAT(page_lengths, Each(Key(Le(3))));
4309	//
4310	// const char user_ids[] = { "joe", "mike", "tom" };*
4311	// EXPECT_THAT(user_ids, Not(Each(Eq(::std::string("tom")))));
4312	template <typename M>
4313	inline internal::EachMatcher<M> Each(M matcher) {
4314	return internal::EachMatcher<M>(matcher);
4315	}
4316
4317	// Key(inner_matcher) matches an std::pair whose 'first' field matches
4318	// inner_matcher. For example, Contains(Key(Ge(5))) can be used to match an
4319	// std::map that contains at least one element whose key is >= 5.
4320	template <typename M>
4321	inline internal::KeyMatcher<M> Key(M inner_matcher) {
4322	return internal::KeyMatcher<M>(inner_matcher);
4323	}
4324
4325	// Pair(first_matcher, second_matcher) matches a std::pair whose 'first' field
4326	// matches first_matcher and whose 'second' field matches second_matcher. For
4327	// example, EXPECT_THAT(map_type, ElementsAre(Pair(Ge(5), "foo"))) can be used
4328	// to match a std::map<int, string> that contains exactly one element whose key
4329	// is >= 5 and whose value equals "foo".
4330	template <typename FirstMatcher, typename SecondMatcher>
4331	inline internal::PairMatcher<FirstMatcher, SecondMatcher>
4332	Pair(FirstMatcher first_matcher, SecondMatcher second_matcher) {
4333	return internal::PairMatcher<FirstMatcher, SecondMatcher>(
4334	first_matcher, second_matcher);
4335	}
4336
4337	// Returns a predicate that is satisfied by anything that matches the
4338	// given matcher.
4339	template <typename M>
4340	inline internal::MatcherAsPredicate<M> Matches(M matcher) {
4341	return internal::MatcherAsPredicate<M>(matcher);
4342	}
4343
4344	// Returns true if and only if the value matches the matcher.
4345	template <typename T, typename M>
4346	inline bool Value(const T& value, M matcher) {
4347	return testing::Matches(matcher)(value);
4348	}
4349
4350	// Matches the value against the given matcher and explains the match
4351	// result to listener.
4352	template <typename T, typename M>
4353	inline bool ExplainMatchResult(
4354	M matcher, const T& value, MatchResultListener* listener) {
4355	return SafeMatcherCast<const T&>(matcher).MatchAndExplain(value, listener);
4356	}
4357
4358	// Returns a string representation of the given matcher. Useful for description
4359	// strings of matchers defined using MATCHER_P macros that accept matchers as*
4360	// their arguments. For example:
4361	//
4362	// MATCHER_P(XAndYThat, matcher,
4363	// "X that " + DescribeMatcher<int>(matcher, negation) +
4364	// " and Y that " + DescribeMatcher<double>(matcher, negation)) {
4365	// return ExplainMatchResult(matcher, arg.x(), result_listener) &&
4366	// ExplainMatchResult(matcher, arg.y(), result_listener);
4367	// }
4368	template <typename T, typename M>
4369	std::string DescribeMatcher(const M& matcher, bool negation = false) {
4370	::std::stringstream ss;
4371	Matcher<T> monomorphic_matcher = SafeMatcherCast<T>(matcher);
4372	if (negation) {
4373	monomorphic_matcher.DescribeNegationTo(&ss);
4374	} else {
4375	monomorphic_matcher.DescribeTo(&ss);
4376	}
4377	return ss.str();
4378	}
4379
4380	template <typename... Args>
4381	internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
4382	std::tuple<typename std::decay<const Args&>::type...>>
4383	ElementsAre(const Args&... matchers) {
4384	return internal::ElementsAreMatcher<
4385	std::tuple<typename std::decay<const Args&>::type...>>(
4386	std::make_tuple(matchers...));
4387	}
4388
4389	template <typename... Args>
4390	internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
4391	std::tuple<typename std::decay<const Args&>::type...>>
4392	UnorderedElementsAre(const Args&... matchers) {
4393	return internal::UnorderedElementsAreMatcher<
4394	std::tuple<typename std::decay<const Args&>::type...>>(
4395	std::make_tuple(matchers...));
4396	}
4397
4398	// Define variadic matcher versions.
4399	template <typename... Args>
4400	internal::AllOfMatcher<typename std::decay<const Args&>::type...> AllOf(
4401	const Args&... matchers) {
4402	return internal::AllOfMatcher<typename std::decay<const Args&>::type...>(
4403	matchers...);
4404	}
4405
4406	template <typename... Args>
4407	internal::AnyOfMatcher<typename std::decay<const Args&>::type...> AnyOf(
4408	const Args&... matchers) {
4409	return internal::AnyOfMatcher<typename std::decay<const Args&>::type...>(
4410	matchers...);
4411	}
4412
4413	// AnyOfArray(array)
4414	// AnyOfArray(pointer, count)
4415	// AnyOfArray(container)
4416	// AnyOfArray({ e1, e2, ..., en })
4417	// AnyOfArray(iterator_first, iterator_last)
4418	//
4419	// AnyOfArray() verifies whether a given value matches any member of a
4420	// collection of matchers.
4421	//
4422	// AllOfArray(array)
4423	// AllOfArray(pointer, count)
4424	// AllOfArray(container)
4425	// AllOfArray({ e1, e2, ..., en })
4426	// AllOfArray(iterator_first, iterator_last)
4427	//
4428	// AllOfArray() verifies whether a given value matches all members of a
4429	// collection of matchers.
4430	//
4431	// The matchers can be specified as an array, a pointer and count, a container,
4432	// an initializer list, or an STL iterator range. In each of these cases, the
4433	// underlying matchers can be either values or matchers.
4434
4435	template <typename Iter>
4436	inline internal::AnyOfArrayMatcher<
4437	typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>
4438	AnyOfArray(Iter first, Iter last) {
4439	return internal::AnyOfArrayMatcher<
4440	typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>(first, last);
4441	}
4442
4443	template <typename Iter>
4444	inline internal::AllOfArrayMatcher<
4445	typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>
4446	AllOfArray(Iter first, Iter last) {
4447	return internal::AllOfArrayMatcher<
4448	typename ::std::iterator_traits<Iter>::value_type>(first, last);
4449	}
4450
4451	template <typename T>
4452	inline internal::AnyOfArrayMatcher<T> AnyOfArray(const T* ptr, size_t count) {
4453	return AnyOfArray(ptr, ptr + count);
4454	}
4455
4456	template <typename T>
4457	inline internal::AllOfArrayMatcher<T> AllOfArray(const T* ptr, size_t count) {
4458	return AllOfArray(ptr, ptr + count);
4459	}
4460
4461	template <typename T, size_t N>
4462	inline internal::AnyOfArrayMatcher<T> AnyOfArray(const T (&array)[N]) {
4463	return AnyOfArray(array, N);
4464	}
4465
4466	template <typename T, size_t N>
4467	inline internal::AllOfArrayMatcher<T> AllOfArray(const T (&array)[N]) {
4468	return AllOfArray(array, N);
4469	}
4470
4471	template <typename Container>
4472	inline internal::AnyOfArrayMatcher<typename Container::value_type> AnyOfArray(
4473	const Container& container) {
4474	return AnyOfArray(container.begin(), container.end());
4475	}
4476
4477	template <typename Container>
4478	inline internal::AllOfArrayMatcher<typename Container::value_type> AllOfArray(
4479	const Container& container) {
4480	return AllOfArray(container.begin(), container.end());
4481	}
4482
4483	template <typename T>
4484	inline internal::AnyOfArrayMatcher<T> AnyOfArray(
4485	::std::initializer_list<T> xs) {
4486	return AnyOfArray(xs.begin(), xs.end());
4487	}
4488
4489	template <typename T>
4490	inline internal::AllOfArrayMatcher<T> AllOfArray(
4491	::std::initializer_list<T> xs) {
4492	return AllOfArray(xs.begin(), xs.end());
4493	}
4494
4495	// Args<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(a_matcher) matches a tuple if the selected
4496	// fields of it matches a_matcher. C++ doesn't support default
4497	// arguments for function templates, so we have to overload it.
4498	template <size_t... k, typename InnerMatcher>
4499	internal::ArgsMatcher<typename std::decay<InnerMatcher>::type, k...> Args(
4500	InnerMatcher&& matcher) {
4501	return internal::ArgsMatcher<typename std::decay<InnerMatcher>::type, k...>(
4502	std::forward<InnerMatcher>(matcher));
4503	}
4504
4505	// AllArgs(m) is a synonym of m. This is useful in
4506	//
4507	// EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_, _)).With(AllArgs(Eq()));
4508	//
4509	// which is easier to read than
4510	//
4511	// EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar(_, _)).With(Eq());
4512	template <typename InnerMatcher>
4513	inline InnerMatcher AllArgs(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { return matcher; }
4514
4515	// Returns a matcher that matches the value of an optional<> type variable.
4516	// The matcher implementation only uses '!arg' and requires that the optional<>
4517	// type has a 'value_type' member type and that 'arg' is of type 'value_type'*
4518	// and is printable using 'PrintToString'. It is compatible with
4519	// std::optional/std::experimental::optional.
4520	// Note that to compare an optional type variable against nullopt you should
4521	// use Eq(nullopt) and not Optional(Eq(nullopt)). The latter implies that the
4522	// optional value contains an optional itself.
4523	template <typename ValueMatcher>
4524	inline internal::OptionalMatcher<ValueMatcher> Optional(
4525	const ValueMatcher& value_matcher) {
4526	return internal::OptionalMatcher<ValueMatcher>(value_matcher);
4527	}
4528
4529	// Returns a matcher that matches the value of a absl::any type variable.
4530	template <typename T>
4531	PolymorphicMatcher<internal::any_cast_matcher::AnyCastMatcher<T> > AnyWith(
4532	const Matcher<const T&>& matcher) {
4533	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
4534	internal::any_cast_matcher::AnyCastMatcher<T>(matcher));
4535	}
4536
4537	// Returns a matcher that matches the value of a variant<> type variable.
4538	// The matcher implementation uses ADL to find the holds_alternative and get
4539	// functions.
4540	// It is compatible with std::variant.
4541	template <typename T>
4542	PolymorphicMatcher<internal::variant_matcher::VariantMatcher<T> > VariantWith(
4543	const Matcher<const T&>& matcher) {
4544	return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
4545	internal::variant_matcher::VariantMatcher<T>(matcher));
4546	}
4547
4548	// These macros allow using matchers to check values in Google Test
4549	// tests. ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher) and EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)
4550	// succeed if and only if the value matches the matcher. If the assertion
4551	// fails, the value and the description of the matcher will be printed.
4552	#define ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher) ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(\
4553	::testing::internal::MakePredicateFormatterFromMatcher(matcher), value)
4554	#define EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher) EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(\
4555	::testing::internal::MakePredicateFormatterFromMatcher(matcher), value)
4556
4557	} // namespace testing
4558
4559	GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_() // 4251 5046
4560
4561	// Include any custom callback matchers added by the local installation.
4562	// We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the
4563	// declarations from this file.
4564	#include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h"
4565
4566	#endif // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
4567

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