1//===- llvm/Support/Error.h - Recoverable error handling --------*- C++ -*-===//
2//
3// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4//
5// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7//
8//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9//
10// This file defines an API used to report recoverable errors.
11//
12//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13
14#ifndef LLVM_SUPPORT_ERROR_H
15#define LLVM_SUPPORT_ERROR_H
16
17#include "llvm-c/Error.h"
18#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
19#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
20#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
21#include "llvm/ADT/Twine.h"
22#include "llvm/Config/abi-breaking.h"
23#include "llvm/Support/AlignOf.h"
24#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
25#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
26#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
27#include "llvm/Support/ErrorOr.h"
28#include "llvm/Support/Format.h"
29#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
30#include <algorithm>
31#include <cassert>
32#include <cstdint>
33#include <cstdlib>
34#include <functional>
35#include <memory>
36#include <new>
37#include <string>
38#include <system_error>
39#include <type_traits>
40#include <utility>
41#include <vector>
42
43namespace llvm {
44
45class ErrorSuccess;
46
47/// Base class for error info classes. Do not extend this directly: Extend
48/// the ErrorInfo template subclass instead.
49class ErrorInfoBase {
50public:
51 virtual ~ErrorInfoBase() = default;
52
53 /// Print an error message to an output stream.
54 virtual void log(raw_ostream &OS) const = 0;
55
56 /// Return the error message as a string.
57 virtual std::string message() const {
58 std::string Msg;
59 raw_string_ostream OS(Msg);
60 log(OS);
61 return OS.str();
62 }
63
64 /// Convert this error to a std::error_code.
65 ///
66 /// This is a temporary crutch to enable interaction with code still
67 /// using std::error_code. It will be removed in the future.
68 virtual std::error_code convertToErrorCode() const = 0;
69
70 // Returns the class ID for this type.
71 static const void *classID() { return &ID; }
72
73 // Returns the class ID for the dynamic type of this ErrorInfoBase instance.
74 virtual const void *dynamicClassID() const = 0;
75
76 // Check whether this instance is a subclass of the class identified by
77 // ClassID.
78 virtual bool isA(const void *const ClassID) const {
79 return ClassID == classID();
80 }
81
82 // Check whether this instance is a subclass of ErrorInfoT.
83 template <typename ErrorInfoT> bool isA() const {
84 return isA(ErrorInfoT::classID());
85 }
86
87private:
88 virtual void anchor();
89
90 static char ID;
91};
92
93/// Lightweight error class with error context and mandatory checking.
94///
95/// Instances of this class wrap a ErrorInfoBase pointer. Failure states
96/// are represented by setting the pointer to a ErrorInfoBase subclass
97/// instance containing information describing the failure. Success is
98/// represented by a null pointer value.
99///
100/// Instances of Error also contains a 'Checked' flag, which must be set
101/// before the destructor is called, otherwise the destructor will trigger a
102/// runtime error. This enforces at runtime the requirement that all Error
103/// instances be checked or returned to the caller.
104///
105/// There are two ways to set the checked flag, depending on what state the
106/// Error instance is in. For Error instances indicating success, it
107/// is sufficient to invoke the boolean conversion operator. E.g.:
108///
109/// @code{.cpp}
110/// Error foo(<...>);
111///
112/// if (auto E = foo(<...>))
113/// return E; // <- Return E if it is in the error state.
114/// // We have verified that E was in the success state. It can now be safely
115/// // destroyed.
116/// @endcode
117///
118/// A success value *can not* be dropped. For example, just calling 'foo(<...>)'
119/// without testing the return value will raise a runtime error, even if foo
120/// returns success.
121///
122/// For Error instances representing failure, you must use either the
123/// handleErrors or handleAllErrors function with a typed handler. E.g.:
124///
125/// @code{.cpp}
126/// class MyErrorInfo : public ErrorInfo<MyErrorInfo> {
127/// // Custom error info.
128/// };
129///
130/// Error foo(<...>) { return make_error<MyErrorInfo>(...); }
131///
132/// auto E = foo(<...>); // <- foo returns failure with MyErrorInfo.
133/// auto NewE =
134/// handleErrors(E,
135/// [](const MyErrorInfo &M) {
136/// // Deal with the error.
137/// },
138/// [](std::unique_ptr<OtherError> M) -> Error {
139/// if (canHandle(*M)) {
140/// // handle error.
141/// return Error::success();
142/// }
143/// // Couldn't handle this error instance. Pass it up the stack.
144/// return Error(std::move(M));
145/// );
146/// // Note - we must check or return NewE in case any of the handlers
147/// // returned a new error.
148/// @endcode
149///
150/// The handleAllErrors function is identical to handleErrors, except
151/// that it has a void return type, and requires all errors to be handled and
152/// no new errors be returned. It prevents errors (assuming they can all be
153/// handled) from having to be bubbled all the way to the top-level.
154///
155/// *All* Error instances must be checked before destruction, even if
156/// they're moved-assigned or constructed from Success values that have already
157/// been checked. This enforces checking through all levels of the call stack.
158class LLVM_NODISCARD Error {
159 // Both ErrorList and FileError need to be able to yank ErrorInfoBase
160 // pointers out of this class to add to the error list.
161 friend class ErrorList;
162 friend class FileError;
163
164 // handleErrors needs to be able to set the Checked flag.
165 template <typename... HandlerTs>
166 friend Error handleErrors(Error E, HandlerTs &&... Handlers);
167
168 // Expected<T> needs to be able to steal the payload when constructed from an
169 // error.
170 template <typename T> friend class Expected;
171
172 // wrap needs to be able to steal the payload.
173 friend LLVMErrorRef wrap(Error);
174
175protected:
176 /// Create a success value. Prefer using 'Error::success()' for readability
177 Error() {
178 setPtr(nullptr);
179 setChecked(false);
180 }
181
182public:
183 /// Create a success value.
184 static ErrorSuccess success();
185
186 // Errors are not copy-constructable.
187 Error(const Error &Other) = delete;
188
189 /// Move-construct an error value. The newly constructed error is considered
190 /// unchecked, even if the source error had been checked. The original error
191 /// becomes a checked Success value, regardless of its original state.
192 Error(Error &&Other) {
193 setChecked(true);
194 *this = std::move(Other);
195 }
196
197 /// Create an error value. Prefer using the 'make_error' function, but
198 /// this constructor can be useful when "re-throwing" errors from handlers.
199 Error(std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> Payload) {
200 setPtr(Payload.release());
201 setChecked(false);
202 }
203
204 // Errors are not copy-assignable.
205 Error &operator=(const Error &Other) = delete;
206
207 /// Move-assign an error value. The current error must represent success, you
208 /// you cannot overwrite an unhandled error. The current error is then
209 /// considered unchecked. The source error becomes a checked success value,
210 /// regardless of its original state.
211 Error &operator=(Error &&Other) {
212 // Don't allow overwriting of unchecked values.
213 assertIsChecked();
214 setPtr(Other.getPtr());
215
216 // This Error is unchecked, even if the source error was checked.
217 setChecked(false);
218
219 // Null out Other's payload and set its checked bit.
220 Other.setPtr(nullptr);
221 Other.setChecked(true);
222
223 return *this;
224 }
225
226 /// Destroy a Error. Fails with a call to abort() if the error is
227 /// unchecked.
228 ~Error() {
229 assertIsChecked();
230 delete getPtr();
231 }
232
233 /// Bool conversion. Returns true if this Error is in a failure state,
234 /// and false if it is in an accept state. If the error is in a Success state
235 /// it will be considered checked.
236 explicit operator bool() {
237 setChecked(getPtr() == nullptr);
238 return getPtr() != nullptr;
239 }
240
241 /// Check whether one error is a subclass of another.
242 template <typename ErrT> bool isA() const {
243 return getPtr() && getPtr()->isA(ErrT::classID());
244 }
245
246 /// Returns the dynamic class id of this error, or null if this is a success
247 /// value.
248 const void* dynamicClassID() const {
249 if (!getPtr())
250 return nullptr;
251 return getPtr()->dynamicClassID();
252 }
253
254private:
255#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
256 // assertIsChecked() happens very frequently, but under normal circumstances
257 // is supposed to be a no-op. So we want it to be inlined, but having a bunch
258 // of debug prints can cause the function to be too large for inlining. So
259 // it's important that we define this function out of line so that it can't be
260 // inlined.
261 LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN
262 void fatalUncheckedError() const;
263#endif
264
265 void assertIsChecked() {
266#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
267 if (LLVM_UNLIKELY(!getChecked() || getPtr()))
268 fatalUncheckedError();
269#endif
270 }
271
272 ErrorInfoBase *getPtr() const {
273 return reinterpret_cast<ErrorInfoBase*>(
274 reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(Payload) &
275 ~static_cast<uintptr_t>(0x1));
276 }
277
278 void setPtr(ErrorInfoBase *EI) {
279#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
280 Payload = reinterpret_cast<ErrorInfoBase*>(
281 (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(EI) &
282 ~static_cast<uintptr_t>(0x1)) |
283 (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(Payload) & 0x1));
284#else
285 Payload = EI;
286#endif
287 }
288
289 bool getChecked() const {
290#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
291 return (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(Payload) & 0x1) == 0;
292#else
293 return true;
294#endif
295 }
296
297 void setChecked(bool V) {
298 Payload = reinterpret_cast<ErrorInfoBase*>(
299 (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(Payload) &
300 ~static_cast<uintptr_t>(0x1)) |
301 (V ? 0 : 1));
302 }
303
304 std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> takePayload() {
305 std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> Tmp(getPtr());
306 setPtr(nullptr);
307 setChecked(true);
308 return Tmp;
309 }
310
311 friend raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const Error &E) {
312 if (auto P = E.getPtr())
313 P->log(OS);
314 else
315 OS << "success";
316 return OS;
317 }
318
319 ErrorInfoBase *Payload = nullptr;
320};
321
322/// Subclass of Error for the sole purpose of identifying the success path in
323/// the type system. This allows to catch invalid conversion to Expected<T> at
324/// compile time.
325class ErrorSuccess final : public Error {};
326
327inline ErrorSuccess Error::success() { return ErrorSuccess(); }
328
329/// Make a Error instance representing failure using the given error info
330/// type.
331template <typename ErrT, typename... ArgTs> Error make_error(ArgTs &&... Args) {
332 return Error(llvm::make_unique<ErrT>(std::forward<ArgTs>(Args)...));
333}
334
335/// Base class for user error types. Users should declare their error types
336/// like:
337///
338/// class MyError : public ErrorInfo<MyError> {
339/// ....
340/// };
341///
342/// This class provides an implementation of the ErrorInfoBase::kind
343/// method, which is used by the Error RTTI system.
344template <typename ThisErrT, typename ParentErrT = ErrorInfoBase>
345class ErrorInfo : public ParentErrT {
346public:
347 using ParentErrT::ParentErrT; // inherit constructors
348
349 static const void *classID() { return &ThisErrT::ID; }
350
351 const void *dynamicClassID() const override { return &ThisErrT::ID; }
352
353 bool isA(const void *const ClassID) const override {
354 return ClassID == classID() || ParentErrT::isA(ClassID);
355 }
356};
357
358/// Special ErrorInfo subclass representing a list of ErrorInfos.
359/// Instances of this class are constructed by joinError.
360class ErrorList final : public ErrorInfo<ErrorList> {
361 // handleErrors needs to be able to iterate the payload list of an
362 // ErrorList.
363 template <typename... HandlerTs>
364 friend Error handleErrors(Error E, HandlerTs &&... Handlers);
365
366 // joinErrors is implemented in terms of join.
367 friend Error joinErrors(Error, Error);
368
369public:
370 void log(raw_ostream &OS) const override {
371 OS << "Multiple errors:\n";
372 for (auto &ErrPayload : Payloads) {
373 ErrPayload->log(OS);
374 OS << "\n";
375 }
376 }
377
378 std::error_code convertToErrorCode() const override;
379
380 // Used by ErrorInfo::classID.
381 static char ID;
382
383private:
384 ErrorList(std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> Payload1,
385 std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> Payload2) {
386 assert(!Payload1->isA<ErrorList>() && !Payload2->isA<ErrorList>() &&
387 "ErrorList constructor payloads should be singleton errors");
388 Payloads.push_back(std::move(Payload1));
389 Payloads.push_back(std::move(Payload2));
390 }
391
392 static Error join(Error E1, Error E2) {
393 if (!E1)
394 return E2;
395 if (!E2)
396 return E1;
397 if (E1.isA<ErrorList>()) {
398 auto &E1List = static_cast<ErrorList &>(*E1.getPtr());
399 if (E2.isA<ErrorList>()) {
400 auto E2Payload = E2.takePayload();
401 auto &E2List = static_cast<ErrorList &>(*E2Payload);
402 for (auto &Payload : E2List.Payloads)
403 E1List.Payloads.push_back(std::move(Payload));
404 } else
405 E1List.Payloads.push_back(E2.takePayload());
406
407 return E1;
408 }
409 if (E2.isA<ErrorList>()) {
410 auto &E2List = static_cast<ErrorList &>(*E2.getPtr());
411 E2List.Payloads.insert(E2List.Payloads.begin(), E1.takePayload());
412 return E2;
413 }
414 return Error(std::unique_ptr<ErrorList>(
415 new ErrorList(E1.takePayload(), E2.takePayload())));
416 }
417
418 std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase>> Payloads;
419};
420
421/// Concatenate errors. The resulting Error is unchecked, and contains the
422/// ErrorInfo(s), if any, contained in E1, followed by the
423/// ErrorInfo(s), if any, contained in E2.
424inline Error joinErrors(Error E1, Error E2) {
425 return ErrorList::join(std::move(E1), std::move(E2));
426}
427
428/// Tagged union holding either a T or a Error.
429///
430/// This class parallels ErrorOr, but replaces error_code with Error. Since
431/// Error cannot be copied, this class replaces getError() with
432/// takeError(). It also adds an bool errorIsA<ErrT>() method for testing the
433/// error class type.
434template <class T> class LLVM_NODISCARD Expected {
435 template <class T1> friend class ExpectedAsOutParameter;
436 template <class OtherT> friend class Expected;
437
438 static const bool isRef = std::is_reference<T>::value;
439
440 using wrap = std::reference_wrapper<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>;
441
442 using error_type = std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase>;
443
444public:
445 using storage_type = typename std::conditional<isRef, wrap, T>::type;
446 using value_type = T;
447
448private:
449 using reference = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type &;
450 using const_reference = const typename std::remove_reference<T>::type &;
451 using pointer = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type *;
452 using const_pointer = const typename std::remove_reference<T>::type *;
453
454public:
455 /// Create an Expected<T> error value from the given Error.
456 Expected(Error Err)
457 : HasError(true)
458#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
459 // Expected is unchecked upon construction in Debug builds.
460 , Unchecked(true)
461#endif
462 {
463 assert(Err && "Cannot create Expected<T> from Error success value.");
464 new (getErrorStorage()) error_type(Err.takePayload());
465 }
466
467 /// Forbid to convert from Error::success() implicitly, this avoids having
468 /// Expected<T> foo() { return Error::success(); } which compiles otherwise
469 /// but triggers the assertion above.
470 Expected(ErrorSuccess) = delete;
471
472 /// Create an Expected<T> success value from the given OtherT value, which
473 /// must be convertible to T.
474 template <typename OtherT>
475 Expected(OtherT &&Val,
476 typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<OtherT, T>::value>::type
477 * = nullptr)
478 : HasError(false)
479#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
480 // Expected is unchecked upon construction in Debug builds.
481 , Unchecked(true)
482#endif
483 {
484 new (getStorage()) storage_type(std::forward<OtherT>(Val));
485 }
486
487 /// Move construct an Expected<T> value.
488 Expected(Expected &&Other) { moveConstruct(std::move(Other)); }
489
490 /// Move construct an Expected<T> value from an Expected<OtherT>, where OtherT
491 /// must be convertible to T.
492 template <class OtherT>
493 Expected(Expected<OtherT> &&Other,
494 typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<OtherT, T>::value>::type
495 * = nullptr) {
496 moveConstruct(std::move(Other));
497 }
498
499 /// Move construct an Expected<T> value from an Expected<OtherT>, where OtherT
500 /// isn't convertible to T.
501 template <class OtherT>
502 explicit Expected(
503 Expected<OtherT> &&Other,
504 typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<OtherT, T>::value>::type * =
505 nullptr) {
506 moveConstruct(std::move(Other));
507 }
508
509 /// Move-assign from another Expected<T>.
510 Expected &operator=(Expected &&Other) {
511 moveAssign(std::move(Other));
512 return *this;
513 }
514
515 /// Destroy an Expected<T>.
516 ~Expected() {
517 assertIsChecked();
518 if (!HasError)
519 getStorage()->~storage_type();
520 else
521 getErrorStorage()->~error_type();
522 }
523
524 /// Return false if there is an error.
525 explicit operator bool() {
526#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
527 Unchecked = HasError;
528#endif
529 return !HasError;
530 }
531
532 /// Returns a reference to the stored T value.
533 reference get() {
534 assertIsChecked();
535 return *getStorage();
536 }
537
538 /// Returns a const reference to the stored T value.
539 const_reference get() const {
540 assertIsChecked();
541 return const_cast<Expected<T> *>(this)->get();
542 }
543
544 /// Check that this Expected<T> is an error of type ErrT.
545 template <typename ErrT> bool errorIsA() const {
546 return HasError && (*getErrorStorage())->template isA<ErrT>();
547 }
548
549 /// Take ownership of the stored error.
550 /// After calling this the Expected<T> is in an indeterminate state that can
551 /// only be safely destructed. No further calls (beside the destructor) should
552 /// be made on the Expected<T> vaule.
553 Error takeError() {
554#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
555 Unchecked = false;
556#endif
557 return HasError ? Error(std::move(*getErrorStorage())) : Error::success();
558 }
559
560 /// Returns a pointer to the stored T value.
561 pointer operator->() {
562 assertIsChecked();
563 return toPointer(getStorage());
564 }
565
566 /// Returns a const pointer to the stored T value.
567 const_pointer operator->() const {
568 assertIsChecked();
569 return toPointer(getStorage());
570 }
571
572 /// Returns a reference to the stored T value.
573 reference operator*() {
574 assertIsChecked();
575 return *getStorage();
576 }
577
578 /// Returns a const reference to the stored T value.
579 const_reference operator*() const {
580 assertIsChecked();
581 return *getStorage();
582 }
583
584private:
585 template <class T1>
586 static bool compareThisIfSameType(const T1 &a, const T1 &b) {
587 return &a == &b;
588 }
589
590 template <class T1, class T2>
591 static bool compareThisIfSameType(const T1 &a, const T2 &b) {
592 return false;
593 }
594
595 template <class OtherT> void moveConstruct(Expected<OtherT> &&Other) {
596 HasError = Other.HasError;
597#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
598 Unchecked = true;
599 Other.Unchecked = false;
600#endif
601
602 if (!HasError)
603 new (getStorage()) storage_type(std::move(*Other.getStorage()));
604 else
605 new (getErrorStorage()) error_type(std::move(*Other.getErrorStorage()));
606 }
607
608 template <class OtherT> void moveAssign(Expected<OtherT> &&Other) {
609 assertIsChecked();
610
611 if (compareThisIfSameType(*this, Other))
612 return;
613
614 this->~Expected();
615 new (this) Expected(std::move(Other));
616 }
617
618 pointer toPointer(pointer Val) { return Val; }
619
620 const_pointer toPointer(const_pointer Val) const { return Val; }
621
622 pointer toPointer(wrap *Val) { return &Val->get(); }
623
624 const_pointer toPointer(const wrap *Val) const { return &Val->get(); }
625
626 storage_type *getStorage() {
627 assert(!HasError && "Cannot get value when an error exists!");
628 return reinterpret_cast<storage_type *>(TStorage.buffer);
629 }
630
631 const storage_type *getStorage() const {
632 assert(!HasError && "Cannot get value when an error exists!");
633 return reinterpret_cast<const storage_type *>(TStorage.buffer);
634 }
635
636 error_type *getErrorStorage() {
637 assert(HasError && "Cannot get error when a value exists!");
638 return reinterpret_cast<error_type *>(ErrorStorage.buffer);
639 }
640
641 const error_type *getErrorStorage() const {
642 assert(HasError && "Cannot get error when a value exists!");
643 return reinterpret_cast<const error_type *>(ErrorStorage.buffer);
644 }
645
646 // Used by ExpectedAsOutParameter to reset the checked flag.
647 void setUnchecked() {
648#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
649 Unchecked = true;
650#endif
651 }
652
653#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
654 LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN
655 LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE
656 void fatalUncheckedExpected() const {
657 dbgs() << "Expected<T> must be checked before access or destruction.\n";
658 if (HasError) {
659 dbgs() << "Unchecked Expected<T> contained error:\n";
660 (*getErrorStorage())->log(dbgs());
661 } else
662 dbgs() << "Expected<T> value was in success state. (Note: Expected<T> "
663 "values in success mode must still be checked prior to being "
664 "destroyed).\n";
665 abort();
666 }
667#endif
668
669 void assertIsChecked() {
670#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
671 if (LLVM_UNLIKELY(Unchecked))
672 fatalUncheckedExpected();
673#endif
674 }
675
676 union {
677 AlignedCharArrayUnion<storage_type> TStorage;
678 AlignedCharArrayUnion<error_type> ErrorStorage;
679 };
680 bool HasError : 1;
681#if LLVM_ENABLE_ABI_BREAKING_CHECKS
682 bool Unchecked : 1;
683#endif
684};
685
686/// Report a serious error, calling any installed error handler. See
687/// ErrorHandling.h.
688LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN void report_fatal_error(Error Err,
689 bool gen_crash_diag = true);
690
691/// Report a fatal error if Err is a failure value.
692///
693/// This function can be used to wrap calls to fallible functions ONLY when it
694/// is known that the Error will always be a success value. E.g.
695///
696/// @code{.cpp}
697/// // foo only attempts the fallible operation if DoFallibleOperation is
698/// // true. If DoFallibleOperation is false then foo always returns
699/// // Error::success().
700/// Error foo(bool DoFallibleOperation);
701///
702/// cantFail(foo(false));
703/// @endcode
704inline void cantFail(Error Err, const char *Msg = nullptr) {
705 if (Err) {
706 if (!Msg)
707 Msg = "Failure value returned from cantFail wrapped call";
708 llvm_unreachable(Msg);
709 }
710}
711
712/// Report a fatal error if ValOrErr is a failure value, otherwise unwraps and
713/// returns the contained value.
714///
715/// This function can be used to wrap calls to fallible functions ONLY when it
716/// is known that the Error will always be a success value. E.g.
717///
718/// @code{.cpp}
719/// // foo only attempts the fallible operation if DoFallibleOperation is
720/// // true. If DoFallibleOperation is false then foo always returns an int.
721/// Expected<int> foo(bool DoFallibleOperation);
722///
723/// int X = cantFail(foo(false));
724/// @endcode
725template <typename T>
726T cantFail(Expected<T> ValOrErr, const char *Msg = nullptr) {
727 if (ValOrErr)
728 return std::move(*ValOrErr);
729 else {
730 if (!Msg)
731 Msg = "Failure value returned from cantFail wrapped call";
732 llvm_unreachable(Msg);
733 }
734}
735
736/// Report a fatal error if ValOrErr is a failure value, otherwise unwraps and
737/// returns the contained reference.
738///
739/// This function can be used to wrap calls to fallible functions ONLY when it
740/// is known that the Error will always be a success value. E.g.
741///
742/// @code{.cpp}
743/// // foo only attempts the fallible operation if DoFallibleOperation is
744/// // true. If DoFallibleOperation is false then foo always returns a Bar&.
745/// Expected<Bar&> foo(bool DoFallibleOperation);
746///
747/// Bar &X = cantFail(foo(false));
748/// @endcode
749template <typename T>
750T& cantFail(Expected<T&> ValOrErr, const char *Msg = nullptr) {
751 if (ValOrErr)
752 return *ValOrErr;
753 else {
754 if (!Msg)
755 Msg = "Failure value returned from cantFail wrapped call";
756 llvm_unreachable(Msg);
757 }
758}
759
760/// Helper for testing applicability of, and applying, handlers for
761/// ErrorInfo types.
762template <typename HandlerT>
763class ErrorHandlerTraits
764 : public ErrorHandlerTraits<decltype(
765 &std::remove_reference<HandlerT>::type::operator())> {};
766
767// Specialization functions of the form 'Error (const ErrT&)'.
768template <typename ErrT> class ErrorHandlerTraits<Error (&)(ErrT &)> {
769public:
770 static bool appliesTo(const ErrorInfoBase &E) {
771 return E.template isA<ErrT>();
772 }
773
774 template <typename HandlerT>
775 static Error apply(HandlerT &&H, std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> E) {
776 assert(appliesTo(*E) && "Applying incorrect handler");
777 return H(static_cast<ErrT &>(*E));
778 }
779};
780
781// Specialization functions of the form 'void (const ErrT&)'.
782template <typename ErrT> class ErrorHandlerTraits<void (&)(ErrT &)> {
783public:
784 static bool appliesTo(const ErrorInfoBase &E) {
785 return E.template isA<ErrT>();
786 }
787
788 template <typename HandlerT>
789 static Error apply(HandlerT &&H, std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> E) {
790 assert(appliesTo(*E) && "Applying incorrect handler");
791 H(static_cast<ErrT &>(*E));
792 return Error::success();
793 }
794};
795
796/// Specialization for functions of the form 'Error (std::unique_ptr<ErrT>)'.
797template <typename ErrT>
798class ErrorHandlerTraits<Error (&)(std::unique_ptr<ErrT>)> {
799public:
800 static bool appliesTo(const ErrorInfoBase &E) {
801 return E.template isA<ErrT>();
802 }
803
804 template <typename HandlerT>
805 static Error apply(HandlerT &&H, std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> E) {
806 assert(appliesTo(*E) && "Applying incorrect handler");
807 std::unique_ptr<ErrT> SubE(static_cast<ErrT *>(E.release()));
808 return H(std::move(SubE));
809 }
810};
811
812/// Specialization for functions of the form 'void (std::unique_ptr<ErrT>)'.
813template <typename ErrT>
814class ErrorHandlerTraits<void (&)(std::unique_ptr<ErrT>)> {
815public:
816 static bool appliesTo(const ErrorInfoBase &E) {
817 return E.template isA<ErrT>();
818 }
819
820 template <typename HandlerT>
821 static Error apply(HandlerT &&H, std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> E) {
822 assert(appliesTo(*E) && "Applying incorrect handler");
823 std::unique_ptr<ErrT> SubE(static_cast<ErrT *>(E.release()));
824 H(std::move(SubE));
825 return Error::success();
826 }
827};
828
829// Specialization for member functions of the form 'RetT (const ErrT&)'.
830template <typename C, typename RetT, typename ErrT>
831class ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (C::*)(ErrT &)>
832 : public ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (&)(ErrT &)> {};
833
834// Specialization for member functions of the form 'RetT (const ErrT&) const'.
835template <typename C, typename RetT, typename ErrT>
836class ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (C::*)(ErrT &) const>
837 : public ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (&)(ErrT &)> {};
838
839// Specialization for member functions of the form 'RetT (const ErrT&)'.
840template <typename C, typename RetT, typename ErrT>
841class ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (C::*)(const ErrT &)>
842 : public ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (&)(ErrT &)> {};
843
844// Specialization for member functions of the form 'RetT (const ErrT&) const'.
845template <typename C, typename RetT, typename ErrT>
846class ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (C::*)(const ErrT &) const>
847 : public ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (&)(ErrT &)> {};
848
849/// Specialization for member functions of the form
850/// 'RetT (std::unique_ptr<ErrT>)'.
851template <typename C, typename RetT, typename ErrT>
852class ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (C::*)(std::unique_ptr<ErrT>)>
853 : public ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (&)(std::unique_ptr<ErrT>)> {};
854
855/// Specialization for member functions of the form
856/// 'RetT (std::unique_ptr<ErrT>) const'.
857template <typename C, typename RetT, typename ErrT>
858class ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (C::*)(std::unique_ptr<ErrT>) const>
859 : public ErrorHandlerTraits<RetT (&)(std::unique_ptr<ErrT>)> {};
860
861inline Error handleErrorImpl(std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> Payload) {
862 return Error(std::move(Payload));
863}
864
865template <typename HandlerT, typename... HandlerTs>
866Error handleErrorImpl(std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> Payload,
867 HandlerT &&Handler, HandlerTs &&... Handlers) {
868 if (ErrorHandlerTraits<HandlerT>::appliesTo(*Payload))
869 return ErrorHandlerTraits<HandlerT>::apply(std::forward<HandlerT>(Handler),
870 std::move(Payload));
871 return handleErrorImpl(std::move(Payload),
872 std::forward<HandlerTs>(Handlers)...);
873}
874
875/// Pass the ErrorInfo(s) contained in E to their respective handlers. Any
876/// unhandled errors (or Errors returned by handlers) are re-concatenated and
877/// returned.
878/// Because this function returns an error, its result must also be checked
879/// or returned. If you intend to handle all errors use handleAllErrors
880/// (which returns void, and will abort() on unhandled errors) instead.
881template <typename... HandlerTs>
882Error handleErrors(Error E, HandlerTs &&... Hs) {
883 if (!E)
884 return Error::success();
885
886 std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> Payload = E.takePayload();
887
888 if (Payload->isA<ErrorList>()) {
889 ErrorList &List = static_cast<ErrorList &>(*Payload);
890 Error R;
891 for (auto &P : List.Payloads)
892 R = ErrorList::join(
893 std::move(R),
894 handleErrorImpl(std::move(P), std::forward<HandlerTs>(Hs)...));
895 return R;
896 }
897
898 return handleErrorImpl(std::move(Payload), std::forward<HandlerTs>(Hs)...);
899}
900
901/// Behaves the same as handleErrors, except that by contract all errors
902/// *must* be handled by the given handlers (i.e. there must be no remaining
903/// errors after running the handlers, or llvm_unreachable is called).
904template <typename... HandlerTs>
905void handleAllErrors(Error E, HandlerTs &&... Handlers) {
906 cantFail(handleErrors(std::move(E), std::forward<HandlerTs>(Handlers)...));
907}
908
909/// Check that E is a non-error, then drop it.
910/// If E is an error, llvm_unreachable will be called.
911inline void handleAllErrors(Error E) {
912 cantFail(std::move(E));
913}
914
915/// Handle any errors (if present) in an Expected<T>, then try a recovery path.
916///
917/// If the incoming value is a success value it is returned unmodified. If it
918/// is a failure value then it the contained error is passed to handleErrors.
919/// If handleErrors is able to handle the error then the RecoveryPath functor
920/// is called to supply the final result. If handleErrors is not able to
921/// handle all errors then the unhandled errors are returned.
922///
923/// This utility enables the follow pattern:
924///
925/// @code{.cpp}
926/// enum FooStrategy { Aggressive, Conservative };
927/// Expected<Foo> foo(FooStrategy S);
928///
929/// auto ResultOrErr =
930/// handleExpected(
931/// foo(Aggressive),
932/// []() { return foo(Conservative); },
933/// [](AggressiveStrategyError&) {
934/// // Implicitly conusme this - we'll recover by using a conservative
935/// // strategy.
936/// });
937///
938/// @endcode
939template <typename T, typename RecoveryFtor, typename... HandlerTs>
940Expected<T> handleExpected(Expected<T> ValOrErr, RecoveryFtor &&RecoveryPath,
941 HandlerTs &&... Handlers) {
942 if (ValOrErr)
943 return ValOrErr;
944
945 if (auto Err = handleErrors(ValOrErr.takeError(),
946 std::forward<HandlerTs>(Handlers)...))
947 return std::move(Err);
948
949 return RecoveryPath();
950}
951
952/// Log all errors (if any) in E to OS. If there are any errors, ErrorBanner
953/// will be printed before the first one is logged. A newline will be printed
954/// after each error.
955///
956/// This function is compatible with the helpers from Support/WithColor.h. You
957/// can pass any of them as the OS. Please consider using them instead of
958/// including 'error: ' in the ErrorBanner.
959///
960/// This is useful in the base level of your program to allow clean termination
961/// (allowing clean deallocation of resources, etc.), while reporting error
962/// information to the user.
963void logAllUnhandledErrors(Error E, raw_ostream &OS, Twine ErrorBanner = {});
964
965/// Write all error messages (if any) in E to a string. The newline character
966/// is used to separate error messages.
967inline std::string toString(Error E) {
968 SmallVector<std::string, 2> Errors;
969 handleAllErrors(std::move(E), [&Errors](const ErrorInfoBase &EI) {
970 Errors.push_back(EI.message());
971 });
972 return join(Errors.begin(), Errors.end(), "\n");
973}
974
975/// Consume a Error without doing anything. This method should be used
976/// only where an error can be considered a reasonable and expected return
977/// value.
978///
979/// Uses of this method are potentially indicative of design problems: If it's
980/// legitimate to do nothing while processing an "error", the error-producer
981/// might be more clearly refactored to return an Optional<T>.
982inline void consumeError(Error Err) {
983 handleAllErrors(std::move(Err), [](const ErrorInfoBase &) {});
984}
985
986/// Helper for converting an Error to a bool.
987///
988/// This method returns true if Err is in an error state, or false if it is
989/// in a success state. Puts Err in a checked state in both cases (unlike
990/// Error::operator bool(), which only does this for success states).
991inline bool errorToBool(Error Err) {
992 bool IsError = static_cast<bool>(Err);
993 if (IsError)
994 consumeError(std::move(Err));
995 return IsError;
996}
997
998/// Helper for Errors used as out-parameters.
999///
1000/// This helper is for use with the Error-as-out-parameter idiom, where an error
1001/// is passed to a function or method by reference, rather than being returned.
1002/// In such cases it is helpful to set the checked bit on entry to the function
1003/// so that the error can be written to (unchecked Errors abort on assignment)
1004/// and clear the checked bit on exit so that clients cannot accidentally forget
1005/// to check the result. This helper performs these actions automatically using
1006/// RAII:
1007///
1008/// @code{.cpp}
1009/// Result foo(Error &Err) {
1010/// ErrorAsOutParameter ErrAsOutParam(&Err); // 'Checked' flag set
1011/// // <body of foo>
1012/// // <- 'Checked' flag auto-cleared when ErrAsOutParam is destructed.
1013/// }
1014/// @endcode
1015///
1016/// ErrorAsOutParameter takes an Error* rather than Error& so that it can be
1017/// used with optional Errors (Error pointers that are allowed to be null). If
1018/// ErrorAsOutParameter took an Error reference, an instance would have to be
1019/// created inside every condition that verified that Error was non-null. By
1020/// taking an Error pointer we can just create one instance at the top of the
1021/// function.
1022class ErrorAsOutParameter {
1023public:
1024 ErrorAsOutParameter(Error *Err) : Err(Err) {
1025 // Raise the checked bit if Err is success.
1026 if (Err)
1027 (void)!!*Err;
1028 }
1029
1030 ~ErrorAsOutParameter() {
1031 // Clear the checked bit.
1032 if (Err && !*Err)
1033 *Err = Error::success();
1034 }
1035
1036private:
1037 Error *Err;
1038};
1039
1040/// Helper for Expected<T>s used as out-parameters.
1041///
1042/// See ErrorAsOutParameter.
1043template <typename T>
1044class ExpectedAsOutParameter {
1045public:
1046 ExpectedAsOutParameter(Expected<T> *ValOrErr)
1047 : ValOrErr(ValOrErr) {
1048 if (ValOrErr)
1049 (void)!!*ValOrErr;
1050 }
1051
1052 ~ExpectedAsOutParameter() {
1053 if (ValOrErr)
1054 ValOrErr->setUnchecked();
1055 }
1056
1057private:
1058 Expected<T> *ValOrErr;
1059};
1060
1061/// This class wraps a std::error_code in a Error.
1062///
1063/// This is useful if you're writing an interface that returns a Error
1064/// (or Expected) and you want to call code that still returns
1065/// std::error_codes.
1066class ECError : public ErrorInfo<ECError> {
1067 friend Error errorCodeToError(std::error_code);
1068
1069 virtual void anchor() override;
1070
1071public:
1072 void setErrorCode(std::error_code EC) { this->EC = EC; }
1073 std::error_code convertToErrorCode() const override { return EC; }
1074 void log(raw_ostream &OS) const override { OS << EC.message(); }
1075
1076 // Used by ErrorInfo::classID.
1077 static char ID;
1078
1079protected:
1080 ECError() = default;
1081 ECError(std::error_code EC) : EC(EC) {}
1082
1083 std::error_code EC;
1084};
1085
1086/// The value returned by this function can be returned from convertToErrorCode
1087/// for Error values where no sensible translation to std::error_code exists.
1088/// It should only be used in this situation, and should never be used where a
1089/// sensible conversion to std::error_code is available, as attempts to convert
1090/// to/from this error will result in a fatal error. (i.e. it is a programmatic
1091///error to try to convert such a value).
1092std::error_code inconvertibleErrorCode();
1093
1094/// Helper for converting an std::error_code to a Error.
1095Error errorCodeToError(std::error_code EC);
1096
1097/// Helper for converting an ECError to a std::error_code.
1098///
1099/// This method requires that Err be Error() or an ECError, otherwise it
1100/// will trigger a call to abort().
1101std::error_code errorToErrorCode(Error Err);
1102
1103/// Convert an ErrorOr<T> to an Expected<T>.
1104template <typename T> Expected<T> errorOrToExpected(ErrorOr<T> &&EO) {
1105 if (auto EC = EO.getError())
1106 return errorCodeToError(EC);
1107 return std::move(*EO);
1108}
1109
1110/// Convert an Expected<T> to an ErrorOr<T>.
1111template <typename T> ErrorOr<T> expectedToErrorOr(Expected<T> &&E) {
1112 if (auto Err = E.takeError())
1113 return errorToErrorCode(std::move(Err));
1114 return std::move(*E);
1115}
1116
1117/// This class wraps a string in an Error.
1118///
1119/// StringError is useful in cases where the client is not expected to be able
1120/// to consume the specific error message programmatically (for example, if the
1121/// error message is to be presented to the user).
1122///
1123/// StringError can also be used when additional information is to be printed
1124/// along with a error_code message. Depending on the constructor called, this
1125/// class can either display:
1126/// 1. the error_code message (ECError behavior)
1127/// 2. a string
1128/// 3. the error_code message and a string
1129///
1130/// These behaviors are useful when subtyping is required; for example, when a
1131/// specific library needs an explicit error type. In the example below,
1132/// PDBError is derived from StringError:
1133///
1134/// @code{.cpp}
1135/// Expected<int> foo() {
1136/// return llvm::make_error<PDBError>(pdb_error_code::dia_failed_loading,
1137/// "Additional information");
1138/// }
1139/// @endcode
1140///
1141class StringError : public ErrorInfo<StringError> {
1142public:
1143 static char ID;
1144
1145 // Prints EC + S and converts to EC
1146 StringError(std::error_code EC, const Twine &S = Twine());
1147
1148 // Prints S and converts to EC
1149 StringError(const Twine &S, std::error_code EC);
1150
1151 void log(raw_ostream &OS) const override;
1152 std::error_code convertToErrorCode() const override;
1153
1154 const std::string &getMessage() const { return Msg; }
1155
1156private:
1157 std::string Msg;
1158 std::error_code EC;
1159 const bool PrintMsgOnly = false;
1160};
1161
1162/// Create formatted StringError object.
1163template <typename... Ts>
1164Error createStringError(std::error_code EC, char const *Fmt,
1165 const Ts &... Vals) {
1166 std::string Buffer;
1167 raw_string_ostream Stream(Buffer);
1168 Stream << format(Fmt, Vals...);
1169 return make_error<StringError>(Stream.str(), EC);
1170}
1171
1172Error createStringError(std::error_code EC, char const *Msg);
1173
1174/// This class wraps a filename and another Error.
1175///
1176/// In some cases, an error needs to live along a 'source' name, in order to
1177/// show more detailed information to the user.
1178class FileError final : public ErrorInfo<FileError> {
1179
1180 friend Error createFileError(std::string, Error);
1181
1182public:
1183 void log(raw_ostream &OS) const override {
1184 assert(Err && !FileName.empty() && "Trying to log after takeError().");
1185 OS << "'" << FileName << "': ";
1186 Err->log(OS);
1187 }
1188
1189 Error takeError() { return Error(std::move(Err)); }
1190
1191 std::error_code convertToErrorCode() const override;
1192
1193 // Used by ErrorInfo::classID.
1194 static char ID;
1195
1196private:
1197 FileError(std::string F, std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> E) {
1198 assert(E && "Cannot create FileError from Error success value.");
1199 assert(!F.empty() &&
1200 "The file name provided to FileError must not be empty.");
1201 FileName = F;
1202 Err = std::move(E);
1203 }
1204
1205 static Error build(std::string F, Error E) {
1206 return Error(std::unique_ptr<FileError>(new FileError(F, E.takePayload())));
1207 }
1208
1209 std::string FileName;
1210 std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase> Err;
1211};
1212
1213/// Concatenate a source file path and/or name with an Error. The resulting
1214/// Error is unchecked.
1215inline Error createFileError(std::string F, Error E) {
1216 return FileError::build(F, std::move(E));
1217}
1218
1219Error createFileError(std::string F, ErrorSuccess) = delete;
1220
1221/// Helper for check-and-exit error handling.
1222///
1223/// For tool use only. NOT FOR USE IN LIBRARY CODE.
1224///
1225class ExitOnError {
1226public:
1227 /// Create an error on exit helper.
1228 ExitOnError(std::string Banner = "", int DefaultErrorExitCode = 1)
1229 : Banner(std::move(Banner)),
1230 GetExitCode([=](const Error &) { return DefaultErrorExitCode; }) {}
1231
1232 /// Set the banner string for any errors caught by operator().
1233 void setBanner(std::string Banner) { this->Banner = std::move(Banner); }
1234
1235 /// Set the exit-code mapper function.
1236 void setExitCodeMapper(std::function<int(const Error &)> GetExitCode) {
1237 this->GetExitCode = std::move(GetExitCode);
1238 }
1239
1240 /// Check Err. If it's in a failure state log the error(s) and exit.
1241 void operator()(Error Err) const { checkError(std::move(Err)); }
1242
1243 /// Check E. If it's in a success state then return the contained value. If
1244 /// it's in a failure state log the error(s) and exit.
1245 template <typename T> T operator()(Expected<T> &&E) const {
1246 checkError(E.takeError());
1247 return std::move(*E);
1248 }
1249
1250 /// Check E. If it's in a success state then return the contained reference. If
1251 /// it's in a failure state log the error(s) and exit.
1252 template <typename T> T& operator()(Expected<T&> &&E) const {
1253 checkError(E.takeError());
1254 return *E;
1255 }
1256
1257private:
1258 void checkError(Error Err) const {
1259 if (Err) {
1260 int ExitCode = GetExitCode(Err);
1261 logAllUnhandledErrors(std::move(Err), errs(), Banner);
1262 exit(ExitCode);
1263 }
1264 }
1265
1266 std::string Banner;
1267 std::function<int(const Error &)> GetExitCode;
1268};
1269
1270/// Conversion from Error to LLVMErrorRef for C error bindings.
1271inline LLVMErrorRef wrap(Error Err) {
1272 return reinterpret_cast<LLVMErrorRef>(Err.takePayload().release());
1273}
1274
1275/// Conversion from LLVMErrorRef to Error for C error bindings.
1276inline Error unwrap(LLVMErrorRef ErrRef) {
1277 return Error(std::unique_ptr<ErrorInfoBase>(
1278 reinterpret_cast<ErrorInfoBase *>(ErrRef)));
1279}
1280
1281} // end namespace llvm
1282
1283#endif // LLVM_SUPPORT_ERROR_H
1284